单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,课题名称：,Direct speech and,reported speech,课题名称：Direct speech and,1,Direct speech and reported speech,Grammar and usage,Shaoyang No.1 Senior School,Yumei Chen,Direct speech,2,We use,direct speech,to report,what exactly,(,精确地,),has been said,.We can also use,reported speech or indirect speech,to report,what has been said without using the exact words,.,Direct speech&reported speech,(,直接引语,&,间接引语,),We use direct speech to report,3,?,What are you doing?,?What are you doing?,4,What are they doing?,?,What are they doing?,5,Whatre the,differences,between,direct speech and reported speech?,Whatre the differences betwee,6,Differences,direct speech,reported speech,To report,what,exactly has been said,The words usually appear in,quotation,marks,（引号）,If we report the meaning of what has been said,we may make some,changes,.,No quotation marks,Differencesdirect speechreport,7,How to change,direct speech,into,reported speech,?,How to change direct speech in,8,Change what has been said to,an object clause,（宾语从句）,or,an infinitive phrase,（不定式）,He said,Im used to such embarrassing comments.,He said,that,he was used to such embarrassing comments.,We must not give up in the face of pressure!she said.,She encouraged us,not to give up,in the face of pressure.,Change what has been said to H,9,Please change,direct speech,into,reported speech,.,1.S,he said,I,must,go home,before five,.,Sh,e,said _,_,2.The teacher said to us,You should take,notes in class,.,The teacher told us _ in class.,that,she must go home before,five.,to take notes,Please change direct speech in,10,Change,personal pronouns,:,（人称代词）,Tom said to Kate,You,speak Chinese better than,me,.,Tom told Kate that,she,spoke Chinese better than,him,.,一主二宾三不变,Rules?,Change personal pronouns:Tom s,11,Main Clause,（主句）,Direct speech,(,直接引语,),subject,(,主语,),第一人称,object,(,宾语,),第二人称,第三人称,How to change personal promouns:,(,一主二宾三不变,),I/We/me/my/mine/,us/our/ours/myself/ourselves,You/your/yours/,yourself/yourselves,He/She/It/They/him,/her/them/his/their/hers/its/,theirs/himself/herself/itself/,themselves/Mr.Smith/Mary,etc.,No Changes,Main ClauseDirect speechsubjec,12,He said to me,I,ve left,my,book in,your,room.,He told me that _ had left _ book in _,room.,Change,personal pronouns,:,（人称代词）,I said to her,You,have done,your,best.,I told her that _ had done _,best.,She said,I,did some research.,She said that _,had done some research.,he,his,my,she,her,she,He said to me,Ive left my b,13,She,said,I,have done,some research.,She,said,that,she,had done,some research.,Change,tenses,（时态）,:,She,says,I,have done,some research,.,She,says,that,she,has done,some research.,主句为,一般现在时,，间接引语,时态不变,主句为,一般过去时,，间接引语,时态往前推,She said,I have done some r,14,Direct speech,Reported speech,Simple present,(,一般现在时,),Simple past,（一般过去时）,Simple future,(,一般将来时,),Future in the past,(,过去将来时,),Simple past,（一般过去时）,Past perfect,（过去完成时）,How to change the tenses:,She,said,I,lived,in London a year ago.,She,said,that,she,_,in London a year before.,She,said,I,live,in London.,She,said,that,she _,in London.,She,said,I,will live,in London next year.,She,said,that,she,_,in London the next year.,lived,would live,had,lived,Direct speechReported speechSi,15,Direct speech,Reported speech,Present continuous,（现在进行时）,Past continuous,（过去进行时）,Present perfect,（现在完成时）,Past perfect,（过去完成时）,Past perfect,（过去完成时）,Past perfect,（过去完成时）,She,said,I,am living,in London now.,She,said,that,she,_,in London then.,She,said,I,have lived,in London for years.,She,said,that,she,_,in London for years.,She,said to me,I,had lived,in London for years when you saw me.,She,told me,that,she,_,in London for years when I saw her.,was living,had,lived,had,lived,Direct speechReported speechPr,16,1.Peter said,I have found whats wrong with the computer.,Peter said,he,_ found what _ wrong with the computer.,2.,He said,I will keep you informed of my daily life in university.,He said that,he,_ keep,us,informed of,his,daily life in university.,had,was,would,1.Peter said,I have found w,17,The teacher said to the students,the earth,turns,around the sun.,The teacher told the students that,the earth _ around the sun,.,转述的内容是,不变,的真理、格言，间接引语是否需要改变时态？,No.,turns,转述的内容是不变的真理、格言，间接引语是否需要改变时态,18,He said,I lost a key,here,yesterday,.,He said that he had lost a key,there,the,day before/the previous day,.,Change,adverbials of time,and place,（时间、地点状语）,He said,I lost a key here,19,Direct speech,Reported speech,now,then,today,that day,/yesterday/on Wednesday,etc.,tomorrow,the next day,/,the following day,/on Tuesday,etc.,yesterday,the day before,/,the previous day,/on Tuesday,etc.,next week,the week after,/,the following week,etc.,last year,the year before,/,the previous year,etc.,a week ago,a week before,/,a week earlier,etc.,Direct speechReported speechno,20,I read the book,here,a week ago,Jane said to him.,Jane told him that she had read the book _,_,.,there,a week before/