单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语的五种基本句型训练,以下五种基本句式是任何英语句子的基本组成部分，其他如定语、状语等均是句子的次要或附加部分。只要掌握了这五种基本句式，当遇到较复杂的句子时，运用这些基本句式进行分析，对句子的理解也就变得容易多了。,1.主语 系动词 表语,这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：,(1),表示状态的连系动词,。这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,sit,stand,lie,keep,remain,stay,等等。,(2),表示转变或结果的系动词,。这些词有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等.,1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.,2.Gradualy he became silent.,3.She remained standing for a hour.,4.The question remained unsolved.,5.The machine is out of order.,6.The television was on.,7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.,8.The question is what you want to do.,名词,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,介词短语,副词,不定式,从句,注意：,在下面的句子中，形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。Im happy to meet you.They are willing to help.We are determined to follow his example.,形容词，名词，现在分词，过去分词，不定式，介词，从句都可以放在某些连系动词后做表语。,2.,主语谓语,（1）这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：take place,happen,break out,appear,disappear,apologize,arrive,come,die,exist,fall,rise,hang等等。,1.The sun is rising.,2.Ill try.,3.Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep),4.The engine broke down.,（2）有些动词如wash,sell,burn，write,clean,draw,cook,read等等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。,1.The book sells well.,2.The pen writes smoothly.,3.Cheese cuts easily.,3主语 谓语宾语,这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。,1.Do you know these people(them)？,2.I cant express myself in English.,3.He smiled a strange smile.,4.We cant afford to pay such a price.,5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes？,6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.,名或代词,反身代词,同源宾语,不定式,动名词,句子,只能跟不定式做宾语的动词有：,afford，agree，choose，decide，demand，desire，determine,fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seek，threaten，wish，arrange，learn，etc.,动词之后只能跟动名词做宾语:acknowledge（承认），admit，appreciate（感激），avoid，consider，delay，deny，dislike，prevent，enjoy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mind，practice，quit（放弃），risk，（cant）stand，suggest，advise等；,动词短语有：,go on，give up，put off，feel like,等。,4.,主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语,后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语，其中间接宾语在前，一般表人，直接宾语在后，一般表物。这类词常有award,give,offer,bring,buy，show等.这类句型有三种情况。,He handed me a letter.,He handed a letter to me.,She gave me her telephone number.,She gave her telephone number to me.,第一种情况，间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语,She sang us a folk song.,She sang a folk song for us.,She cooked us a delicious meal.,She cooked a delicious meal for us.,第二种情况，间接宾语可以改为,for,引导的短语,。,Tell him Im out.,Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？,第三种情况，直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。,5.,主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语,所谓宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的。通常放在宾语的后面。如：,The news made me excited.这里excited 就是me 的宾语补足语。,A.,不定式前带,to,常用的动词有:,advise,cause,allow,drive,encourage,expect,force,intend,invite,permit,tell,trust,urge,persuade,remind,teach,want,warn,get,ask,forbid,beg,require,tempt,enable,lead,instruct等,以及表示情感状态的动词love,like,prefer,hate等后面跟带to的不定式作补语.,1）、不定式作宾补,1.What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补),2.We thought him to be an honest man.(to be做宾补),3.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补),4.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补),B.,不定式前不带,to,表示感觉的动词see,hear,watch,notice,observe,feel等和三个表示致使的动词make,have,let后面跟不带to的不定式作补语.,Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式做宾补),C.,不定式为to be,在一些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to be，如：believe,consider,declare,find,imagine,know,prove,suppose,feel,think,understand等等。,1.这个答案证明是错的。,2.我认为他是一个好学生。(think),1.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补),2.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补),3.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补),分词作宾语补足语时，如果分词与宾语构成主谓关系，用现在分词；如果构成动宾关系，则用过去分词。常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有：find,feel,get,have,hear,keep,notice,see,watch，make,leave等。,2）、分词作宾补,1.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补),2.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补),常用形容词作宾补的动词有:keep,leave,find,make,feel,think,consider等,He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补),3）、形容词作宾补,常用名词作宾补的动词有：find,name,call,elect,make,choose 等,They called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补),4）、名词作宾补,常用as构成的短语作宾补的动词有：consideras,treatas,regardas,look onas,haveas,takeas,think ofas等,1.你决不能认为他是一个自私的人。2.他们把我当作是女儿来看待,。,5）、由,as,构成的短语作宾补,此句型是由 there+be+主语+状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，,6There be,句型,现在有 there is/are,过去有 there was/were将来有 there will be/there is/are going to be.可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,等。,