单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,CET Translation Session 2,A.,词的翻译,1.一般词汇（general words):吃透内涵，灵活处理,2.专门词汇（specific words):最好用约定俗称的英文表达，实在想不出可以用解释的方法。,剪纸,剪纸（,paper cutting,）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（,the Ming and Qing Dynasties,）特别流行。人们常用剪纸,美化,居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加,喜庆的,气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和,兴旺,。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。,美化,:,把,.,变得更,美,beautify=make something more beautiful,喜庆的:,值得高兴和庆贺的，具有欢乐的特点的,festive,joyous,merry,happy,兴旺,：兴盛，繁荣，繁荣昌盛,富足,prosperity，abundance,richness,汉语,四字格,翻译,四字格,又称四字结构，是汉语中一种独特的词汇现象。顾名思义，四字格就是由四个汉字组成的词语，在汉语表达中具有极高的使用频率。例如一则推销房屋对讲系统的广告这样写道：“本系统多次获奖，,品种齐全，性能可靠，功能完善，配置灵活，调试简单，外观新潮，价格公道。”,。短短一句话中运用了,8,个四字结构，既将该产品的优点介绍得清楚全面，又达到了一种掷地有声的修辞效果。,词的翻译,四字格,1.,文化遗产,2.,民族特性,3.,少数民族,4.,传统美德,5.,艺术价值,6.,饮食习惯,7.,远古时代,8.,原始社会,9.,生活水平,10.,国民收入,11.,小康社会,12.,经济形势,13.,经济增长,14.,经济繁荣,15.,社会福利,16.,社会保障,17.,弱势群体,18.,激烈竞争,cultural heritage 2.national identity 3.ethnic minority,4.traditional virtues 5.artistic value 6.dietary habit,7.ancient times 8.primitive society,9.living standard 10.national income 11.a well-off society 12.economic situation 13.economic growth,14.economic prosperity 15.social welfare 16.social security 17.vulnerable group 18.intense competition,19.,自然景观,20.,名胜古迹,21.,中外游客,22.,人山人海,23.,世界和平,24.,独立自主,25.,相互尊重,26.,濒危物种,27.,物种灭绝,28.,能源危机,29.,环境保护,30.,回收利用,31.,环保意识,32.,信息时代,33.,核心技术,34.,虚拟世界,35.,娱乐资讯,36.,大众传媒,19.natural landscape 20.scenic spots and historical sites 21.tourists from home and abroad,22.overcrowded 23.world peace 24.independence 25.mutual respect 26.endangered species,27.the extinction of species 28.energy crisis,29.environmental protection 30.recycle,31.environmental awareness 32.information age,33.core technology 34.virtual world,35.entertainment information 36.mass media,“,文化词”,(culture-bound words),的翻译 1）音译,孔子,Confucius,孟子,Mencius,二胡,erhu,琵琶,pipa,粽子,zongzi,阴阳,yinyang,风水,fengshui,胡同,hutong,太极拳,Tai Chi,腊八粥,Laba rice porridge,宫保鸡丁,Kung Pao chicken,麻婆豆腐,Mapo Tofu,2,),直译：,易经：,Book of Changes,春,卷,：,s,pring,rolls,重阳节：,Double-Ninth Festival,发红包：,give money in red envelopes,年夜饭：,the dinner on New Years Eve,贴春联：,stick couplets,烟花爆竹：,fireworks and firecrackers,灯谜：,lantern riddles,探亲访友：,visit relatives and friends,扫墓：,sweep tomb,祭祖：,offer sacrifices to ones ancestors,3,),意译,探花,：,Tanhua,意译,:the third place,拜堂,:perform the marriage ceremony；,get married,春运,：,Spring Festival travel season,压岁钱,:,lucky money,年糕,：,rice cake,“,文化词”的翻译,沉鱼落雁,闭月羞花,倾国倾城,(a dazzling beauty that)makes the fish sink and wild geese fall,be so beautiful that the moon hides her face and the flowers blush,for shame,so beautiful as to cause cities and kingdoms to fall,“北方有佳人，绝世而独立。一顾倾人城，再顾倾人国，宁不知倾城与倾国，佳人难再得。”,beautiful/fair/graceful/elegant/charming/,attractive/glamorous/gorgeous/dazzling/stunning.,美,4）加注法,经常作为音译、直译、意译的补充，可括号加注或文内说明。,沉鱼落雁：,a dazzling beauty that makes the fish sink and wild geese fall,.This expression is originally used to describe Xi Shi and Wang Zhaojun(,Xi Shi,is,a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period,),词的翻译,惯用语与搭配 以“古”为例,古代,古人,古玩,古董家具,古迹,古筝,古英语,ancient times,ancient people,antique,antique furniture,historical sites,zheng,old English,翻译,在这里你可以欣赏到百年古井，古树，青砖飞檐，古色古香的榻榻米床。,Here you can have a view of a century-old ancient well,ancient tree,the blue brick and upturned eaves and antique tatami bed.,红茶 红糖 红酒 白酒 黄酒,black tea,brown sugar,red wine,liquor lk,Shaoxing rice wine,通读全段，确定时态和基本句型,分析汉语句子主干，找出主语、谓语、宾语及其他成分,确定单词和短语的翻译,表达句子,校对翻译内容,，除关注是否有漏译外，尤其注意单词拼写、一般现在时的动词第三人称单数形式、名词复数、介词搭配、一句之中是否有两个谓语等细节问题。,例：,中国稳定和谐的政治社会环境、丰富优秀的劳动力资源和巨大的消费市场吸引了世界各国商务人士,。,主语：,较长，需要变化结构,谓语：,“吸引”,宾语：,“世界各国的商务人士”,China,with,a stable and harmonious political and social environment,rich and excellent human resources and,a huge,consumer market,has attracted businessmen from all over the world,.,长句翻译,道教（,Taoism),是中国土生土长的宗教，已经影响了中国人两千多年。,Taoism is a Chinese native religion,that,has shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000 years.,总结：注意英语多长句，定语从句在翻译中很常用。（合译法）,道教对中国文化的许多领域都产生了深刻而持久的影响，包括艺术、哲学、医学和美食，并在东亚地区广泛流传。,Taoism has had a profound and lasting influence on many fields of Chinese culture,including art,philosophy,medicine and cuisine.It has also spread widely throughout East Asia.,总结：翻译时要避免受到汉语语序（变序法）和标点的限制。,中国结（,the Chinese knot,）最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。,The Chinese knot,originally invented by the craftsmen,has become an elegant and colorful art and craft,over hundreds of years improvement.,刺绣的用途主要包括生活和艺术装饰，如服装、床上用品、台布和舞台装饰,。,Embroidery is mainly used in life and art decoration,such as clothes,bedclothes,table cloth,and stage decoration.,总结：在翻译中要注意灵活处理词性（词类转化法）。,关于中国美食,（,cuisine,）,的电视节目数不胜数，但像,舌尖上的中国,（,A Bite of China,),这样受欢迎的不多。,There are numerous TV programs on Chinese cuisine,but,few,are as popular as,A Bite of China,.,总结：翻译中要注意用逆向思维。（逆向思维法）,CET,翻译常考句式,年画，,是中国特有的,一种绘画体裁。,New Year Picture is a,unique,style of painting in China.,很多人,将,烟花和节庆,联系起来,。,Many people,associate fi,reworks,with,festivals and celebrations.,胡同,是,北京的,一大特色,有着和北京城一样久远的历史。,Hutong，with a history as long as th