,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit Thirteen,Contract,Part One:Teaching Aims&Requirements:,1.Help students learn general format and composition of a business contract.,2.Help students learn the characteristics of legal English,3.Demand students be acquainted with common terms and conditions and expressions in a contract as well.,4 Help students be able to handle literal processing work either in contract drafting or translating.,Part Two:Background Knowledge,I.Whats a Contract?,According to the description of law,A contract shall be an agreement whereby the parties establish,change or terminate their civil relationship.,合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事关系的协议。,Other prescription：Contracts referred to in this Law are agreements between equal natural persons，legal persons and other organizations for the purpose of establishing，altering and terminating mutual civil rights and obligations.,(合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。,.,Characteristics of Legal Languages,1.,Use of,terms of art,.,Legal or contract English employs a great deal of terminology that has a technical meaning and is not generally familiar to the layman(e.g.,waiver,restraint of trade,restrictive covenant,defect,remedy,jurisdiction,damages and/or losses,indemnities,tenancy,etc.).,The technical meaning of words in the contracts is often stabilized,clarified,single and precise,such as:,indemnities,instead of,compensation,;,conveyance,instead of,trnasfer of real estate,;,tenancy,rather than,lease of property,;,wind up a business,rather than,end/stop a business,.,2.Extensive use of words and phrases derived from French and Latin,such as undertake,pursue,observe,establish,execute,terminate,assist,provide,etc.More examples include:pro rate tax rate instead of proportional tax rate;pro bono lawyer rather than lawyer engaged in charitable legal assistance;and agent ad litem,force majuere.,3.Use of ordinary words in apparently peculiar contexts.,For example,“Prejudice as a common word(noun),means an unfair and often unfavorable feeling or opinion formed without thinking deeply and clearly or without enough knowledge.But in contract,“prejudice means loss of any rights in contract:.,4.Use of doublets and triplets.There is a curious historical tendency in legal English to string together two or three words to convey what is usually a single legal concept.Examples of this include null and void,fit and proper,perform and discharge,dispute,controversy or claim,and promise,agree and covenant.,“FOR VALUE RECEIVED,the undersigned does hereby sell,transfer,and set over to _ all his right,title and interest in and to a certain contract dated _,19_ by and between the undersigned and_,a copy of which is annexed hereto.,From this long sentence,we can find“sell,transfer,assign and set over and“right,title and interest are two groups of synonyms or near-synonyms,while“in and to a certain contract and“by and between are two groups of relevant words.,There are many more synonymous or synonymous pairs commonly used in contract:,nouns:terms and conditions,import duty and tax,customs and usages,“alteration,modification or substitution,compensation or damages,“loss,injury,or damage,etc.;,verbs:misuse or abuse,altered or amended,repair or replace,alter and change,bind and obligate,etc.;,adjectives:sole and exclusive,final and conclusive,etc.;,prepositions:over and above,from and after,etc.,5.Unusual long sentences.,For instance,“This insurance shall attach from the time the insured goods are loaded on the sea-going vessel or lighter at the port of shipment named in the Policy until the insured goods are discharged from the sea-going vessel or lighter at the port of destination named in the Policy，but in case the insured goods are not discharged from the sea going vessel or lighter the longest duration of this insurance allowable on the insured goods upon arrival at the port of destination shall be limited to 1 5 days counting from midnight of the day of their alrival at such port,本保险责任自被保险货物装上本保险单所载明的启运港的海轮或驳船时开始，直到卸离本保险单所载明的目的港的海轮或驳船时为止，如果被保险货物不卸离海轮或驳船，本保险责任最长期限从被保险货物到达目的港之当日午夜起计算以十五天为限；被保险货物在中途转运港卸离海轮或驳船，保险责任即告终止，如果被保险货物不卸离海轮，本保险责任最长期限从被保险货物到达转运港之当日午夜起计算以十五天为限，但如被保险货物在中途转运港装上续运的海轮，那么本保险责任继续有效。,6.Use of unfamiliar pro-forms.For example,the same,the said,the aforementioned etc.For example:,“Lessee promises to pay a deposit.Said deposit shall accrue interest at a rate of five percent per annum.,“the provisions for termination hereinafter appearing or will at the cost of the borrower forthwith comply with the same.,Such kind of words reflects