单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,授人以鱼不如授人以渔,*,朱明工作室,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,授人以鱼不如授人以渔,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,第,3,章 汽车外观与整车参数检测,汽车检测与,故障诊断技术,电话：,E-Mail,：,第,3,章 汽车外观与整车参数检测,汽车外观检测,整车参数检测,3.1,汽车外观检测,3.1.1,汽车外观检测的必要性,有些外观症状，如整体不周正、车身和驾驶室覆盖件开裂、油漆剥落和锈蚀等，将影响车容；有些外观症状，如前后桥、传动轴、车架和悬架等装置有明显的弯、扭、裂、断等损伤，传动轴连接螺栓松动，转向拉杆球头销的磨损松旷等，会直接影响行车安全。,因此，汽车外观检测是汽车运行安全检测过程的重要内容之一。,3.1.2,汽车外观检测方法,汽车外观检测项目可分为两大类，一类检测项目可用直观检测法检测；对于作了量的规定的一类项目则须采用仪器设备和客观检测方法作定量分析。,图,3-1,检测地沟 图,3-2,汽车举升机,3.1.3,整车外观检测项目,整车外观检测项目主要包括车辆唯一性认定（车辆标志检查）、车身外观、发动机舱、驾驶室,(,区,),、发动机运转状况、灯光信号、客车内部以及底盘件、车轮的检查等。,在整车外观检测项目中，还包括底盘动态检查和地沟检查，其主要检查对象是转向系、传动系、制动系。,1.,车辆标志,车辆标志包括车辆的商标、车辆标识代码（即,VIN,代码，,Vehicle Identification Number,，图,3-3,）、车辆号牌（牌照）、车辆铭牌、发动机型号和出厂编号、底盘型号及出厂编号等。,图,3-3,标致,307,的车辆标识代号,图,3-4,广州本田汽车铭牌 图,3-5,东风标致汽车铭牌,7,2.,漏水检查,在发动机运转及停车时，水箱、水泵、缸体、缸盖、暖风装置及所有连接部位均不得有明显渗水、漏水现象。,3.,漏油检查,汽车连续行驶距离不小于,10 km,，停车,5 min,后观察，不得有明显渗油、漏油现象。,4.,整体周正的检测,汽车整体应周正，左右对称。对称部位高度差不大于,40 mm,。,5.,非法改装检验,车辆改装检验项目重点检验车辆是否存在非法改装。,8,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流,可以互相讨论下，但要小声点,9,3.2,整车参数检测,3.2.1,结构参数检测,1.,汽车主要结构参数,1,）汽车外廓尺寸,图,3-6,车辆长、宽、高示意图,2,）汽车轴距,汽车的轴距是指汽车在直线行驶位置时，同侧相邻两轴的车轮落地中心点到汽车对称平面的两条垂线间的距离。,3,）汽车轮距,汽车的轮距是指在支承平面上，同轴左右车轮两轨迹中心间的距离（轴两端为双轮时，为左右两条双轨迹的中线间的距离）。,4,）汽车前悬,通过两前轮中心的垂面与抵靠在汽车最前端（包括前拖钩、车牌及任何固定在汽车前部的刚性部件）并垂直于汽车纵向对称平面的垂面之间的距离。,12,5,）汽车后悬,通过汽车最后端车轮的轴线的垂面与抵靠在汽车的后端（包括牵引装置、车牌及固定在车辆后部的任何刚性部件）并垂直于汽车纵向对称平面的垂面之间的距离。,2.,检测方法,测量前，须将汽车摆正，放在水平干燥的沥青或水泥路面上，将汽车的外廓尺寸投影在地面（或垂直墙壁）上进行测量，或直接测量汽车的外廓尺寸、内部尺寸及人机工程参数，所用工具是皮卷尺、钢板直尺、铅锤、粉笔等，检测计量单位均采用,mm,。,13,3.2.2,质量参数检测,汽车质量参数主要包括整车整备质量、总质量、装载质量、轴载质量等，质心位置参数主要包括车辆质心水平位置、质心高度等。,质量参数测定方法如下：汽车先从一个方向驶上轴重仪（图,3-7,），依次测量前轴、后轴质量。当台面较大时，可依次测量前轴、