单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Unit 4 Laws and Rules,CONTENTS,Teaching Aims,Text A,Text B,Supplementing Reading,TEACHING AIMS,After studying this,unit,you are,required to,:,1.,H,ave a general idea of,the law system in UK.,2.,Learn something about the Constitution of the United Kingdom.,3,.,M,aster the difficult words and expressions,.,Text A,Constitution of the United Kingdom,TEXT A Preview,和其他许多国家不同，英国并没有成文宪法，因此称作“不成文宪法。所谓的英国宪法，是对一整套包含根本标准和政治体制的成文法、习惯法和惯例的统称。英国宪法实际上是对英国实际的社会政治秩序的概括，是英国几百年政治流变的产物，并非一时制定的法律文件。英国著名宪法学家布莱斯曾评论道：“英国宪法是任何作者也作不出透彻说明的智慧产物，所具备的性质于几个世纪逐渐浸染而成。,TEXT A,Reading,C,omprehension,I.Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English.,1.be embodied in 2.be inconsistent with,3.straightforward 4.be dependent on,5.defer to 6.,迫使；强制,7.,重新洗牌,8.,配置；展开,9.,透明的；显然的,10.,长子身份；长子继承权,TEXT A,Reading,C,omprehension,II.Match the words on the left with their meanings on the right.,1,prerogative A.,遵照，符合,2,sovereignty B.,努力的,3.conform to C.,主权,4.breach D.,违反,5.arduous E.,有特权的,6.consent F.,使溶解；使分解,7.dissolve G.,辞职；退位,8.Abdication H.,同意,TEXT A,Reading,C,omprehension,III.Discussion.,How many principles are there of Constitution of United Kingdom?What are they?,Can you give a definition of Constitution of United Kingdom?,TEXT A Notes,1.A,constitutional convention,is an informal and uncodified procedural agreement that is followed by the institutions of a state.In some states,notably those,Commonwealth of Nations,states that follow the,Westminster system,and whose political systems derive from,British constitutional law,most government functions are guided by constitutional convention rather than by a formal written constitution.In these states,actual distribution of power may be markedly different from those the formal constitutional documents describes.In particular,the formal constitution often confers wide discretionary powers on the,head of state,that,in practice,are used only on the advice of the,head of government,.,2.The,Royal Prerogative,is a body of customary authority,privilege,and immunity,recognised in the,United Kingdom,as the sole prerogative of the,Sovereign,.Many of the,executive,powers of British government,vested in a monarch,have been bestowed under the mandate of the Royal Prerogative.,TEXT A Notes,3.,Albert Venn Dicey,(4 February 1835 7 April 1922)was a British,jurist,and,constitutional,theorist,who wrote,An Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution,(1885),and younger brother of,Edward Dicey,.The principles it expounds are considered part of the uncodified,British constitution,.He was a graduate of,Balliol College,Oxford,and became,Vinerian Professor of English Law,at,Oxford,and a leading constitutional scholar of his day.Dicey popularised the phrase,rule of law,although its use goes back to the 17th century.,4.,MacCormick v Lord Advocate,(1953 SC 396)was a,Scottish legal action,in which,John MacCormick,(the,Rector,of the,University of Glasgow,)and,Ian Hamilton,(then part of the,Glasgow University Scottish Nationalist Association,)contested the right of,Queen Elizabeth II,to style herself Elizabeth II within Scotland.They claimed it was a breach of the,Act of Union 1707,between England and Scotland,since,Queen Elizabeth I,had been,Queen of England,but not of Scotland.(A historic example of a numeric distinction is found in King,James I of England,who was King,James VI of Scotland,.)The action was brought against the,Lord Advocate,the most senior legal representative in Scotland.,TEXT A Notes,5.Entick v Carrington 1765 EWHC KB J98 is a leading case in English law establishing the civil liberties of individuals and limiting the scope of executive power.The case has also been influential in other common law jurisdictions and was an important motivation for the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.It is famous for the dictum of Camden LJ:If it is law,it will be found in our books.If it not to be found there,it is not law.,6.The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom,which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords(the upper house).Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster.The Commons is a democratically elected body,consisting of 650 members(since 2021 General Election),who are known as Members of Parliament(MPs).Members are elected through the first-past-the-post system by electoral districts known as constituencies.They hold their seats until Parliament is dissolved(a maximum of five years after the preceding election).,TEXT A Notes,7.The,House of Lords,(commonly referred to as,the Lords,officially referred to as the,Lords Spiritual and Temporal,in Acts of Parliament,and as the,House of Peers,for some ceremonial purposes)is the,upper house,of the,Parliament of the United Kingdom,the United Kingdoms national,legislature,.Parliam