单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,写前指导,写前指导,1,概要写作题型提供一篇,350,词以内,的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇,60,词左右,的内容概要。词数,少于,40,的和多于,80,的，从总分中减去,2,分,。,既要求学生全面,掌握文章内容,，,明白,作者的,写作意图,，,提炼,文章的,组织结构,，又要求学生,高度概括，,难度不小。,评分时，主要从以下四个方面考虑：,（,1,）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；,（,2,）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；,（,3,）上下文的连贯性；,（,4,）对各要点表达的独立性情况。,题型解读,概要写作题型提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写,2,写概要之前，首先要,读懂原文,，,把握文章主旨大意,和,作者观点,，,抓关键词,，,筛选与主旨有关的主要信息,。,然后，,借助已掌握的语言知识，对原语篇进行“浓缩”，产出一个新的语篇,。,而新的语篇，既要做到在,结构,、,衔接,和,连贯,各要素上与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。,概要写作是一种,控制性的作文形式,，需要,写作者,具有一定语篇意识，能够从“理解”和“产出”两个角度，同时去关注并再现原文的篇章特征，尤其是篇章的目的性、组织性、衔接性和连贯性。,写概要之前，首先要读懂原文，把握文章主旨大意和作者观点，抓关,3,评分标准,评分标准,4,解题过程,步骤一：,解读文本，梳理主旨,(1),把握文章,体裁,；,(2),找每一段的,主题句或关键词,；,主题句直接归纳法；关键词整合归纳法,关键词：名词、动词、形容词,(3),理段落间,关系,；,(4),把握行文,结构,。,(,总分；总分总；分总,),解题过程步骤一：解读文本，梳理主旨,5,解题过程,步骤二：,妙用技巧，整理成文,(1),写,：,每段大意,分别用,paraphrase,的方式重新整合。,若结尾有作者的观点，则归纳进去。并用合,适的衔接词,连句成段,，使之逻辑通顺。,(2),查,：,要点,全面；,人称与时态,正确；,衔接,连贯；,语法拼写,错误；有否,抄袭原文,；,字数,控制,(3),润,：修改,步骤三：,清楚誊写，水到渠成,解题过程步骤二：妙用技巧，整理成文步骤三：清楚誊写，水到渠成,6,写后讲评,写后讲评,7,Getting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.,In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.,Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea;clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?,Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist(,免疫学家,),，,encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.,Getting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed about,attitudes to dirt.,In the early 16,th,century,since the 18,th,century,nowadays,Main idea:Attitudes toward dirt have been changing,over time.,Getting rid of dirt,in th,8,In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.,In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.,In the early 16,th,century,people believed that dirt,on the skin protected people from being ill.,In the early 16th century,peo,9,Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea;clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?,ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.,Since the 18,th,century,people have developed the belief,that removing dirt is of great benefit to health.,however,Though the belief in the merit,10,Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist(,免疫学家,),，,encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.,Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays,.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be