,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 5,Unit 5,Grammar Focus,Direct Speech and Indirect Speech,一字不改的将别人的话加以引用或复述出来，叫,直接引语,，直接引语须放在,括号内,。,eg.Mr Black said,“I like playing football”.,（直接引语）,She said,“I am an English teacher”.,（括号内是直接引语）,Grammar FocusDirect Speech and,用自己的话转述别人的话，叫,间接引语,，间接引语,不必用引号,，而用宾语从句来表达。,Eg.Mr Black said that he,liked,playing football.(,间接引语）,She said that she,was,an English teacher.,（宾语从句是间接引语）,用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，间接引语不必用引号，而用,直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，须,由连词,that,来引导,（,that,也可省略），,that,从句之前用,say,tell,等动词。,但要注意下列各种变化。,第一类：直接引语是陈述句,直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，须由连,人称的变化：,eg.He said,“,I,want to see,you,.”,He said that,he,wanted to see,me,.,He said to me,“,I,ve left my book in,your,room.”,He told me that,he,had left his book in,my,room.,人称的变化：,2.,时态的变化：,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时态，直接引语中的谓语动词的时态须有下列变化：,一般,现在,时,一般,过去,时,现在,进行时,过去,进行时,现在,完成时,过去,完成时,一般过去时,过去,完成时,过去完成时不变,一般将来时,过去将来时,2.时态的变化：,一般现在时变一般过去时：,直接引语 间接引语,eg.He said,“I,am,busy.”He said that he,was,busy.,他说：“我很忙”。他说他很忙。,He said,“I,cant do,it myself.”He said that he,couldnt do,it himself.,他说：“我自己不能做”。他说他自己不能做。,一般现在时变一般过去时：直接引语,直接引语如果是,客观真理,，一般现在时则,不变,eg.He said,“Light,travels,much faster than sound.”,He said that light,travels,much faster than sound.,直接引语如果是客观真理，一般现在时则不变eg.He sai,现在进行时变过去进行时：,eg.He said,“,Im reading,the book.”,他说：“我正在读这本书。”,He said that he,was reading,the book.,他说他正在读那本书。,She said,“,Were having,a meeting.”,她说：“我们正在开会。”,She said they,were having,a meeting.,她说她们正在开会。,现在进行时变过去进行时：eg.He said,“Im,现在完成时变过去完成时：,eg.She said,“I,have not heard,from him since May.,她说：“从五月份起就没有接到他的任何休息。”,She said that she,had not heard,from him since May.,她说自五月份起就没有接到过他的任何休息。,现在完成时变过去完成时：,一般过去时变过去完成时：,eg.He said,“I,came,to help you.”,他说：“我曾到这里来帮过你的。”,He said that he,had come,to help me.,他说他曾经来帮过我。,She said to me,“I,saw,the film.”,她对我说：“我看过这个影片,.”,She told me that she,had seen,the film.,她告诉我她看过这个影片。,一般过去时变过去完成时：,过去完成时不变,eg.He said,“I,had finished,my homework before supper.”,他说：“晚饭前我就把作业完成了。”,He said that he,had finished,his homework before supper.,他说他晚饭前就已经把作业完成了。,.,过去完成时不变 eg.He said,“I had f,一般将来时变过去将来时：,eg.,She said,“I,ll do,it after class.”,她说：“我将在课后来做。”,She said that she,would do,it after class.,她说她将在课后做。,He said,“I,will help,her.”,He said he,would help,her.,一般将来时变过去将来时：,3.,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化,1.this that 2.these those,3.now then 4.today that day,5.yesterday the day before,6.tomorrow the next(following)day,7.here there e go,9.This week(month,year)that week(month,year),10.next week(month,year),the next week(month,year),11.three days(weeks,months,years,hours,),ago,three days(weeks,months,years,hours,),before,12.last week(month,year),the week(month,year)before,3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化1.this th,1.She said,“I will come,this morning,.”,She said that she would go,that morning,.,2.He said,“,These,books are mine.”,He said that,those,books were his.,3.He said,“It is nine oclock,now,.”,He said that it was nine oclock,then,.,1.She said,“I will come this,4.He said,“I havent seen her,today,.”,He said that he hadnt seen her,that day,.,5.She said,“I went there,yesterday,.”,She said that she had gone there,the day before.,6.She said,“Ill go there,tomorrow,.”,She said that she would go there,the next(following)day.,4.He said,“I havent seen her,7.He said,“My sister was here,three days ago,.”,He said that his sister had been,there three days before,.,8.She said,“I will come here,this evening,.”,She said that she would go there,that evening,.,7.He said,“My sister was here,第二类直接引语是祈使句,直接引语如果是祈使句，变为间接引语时，须将动词原形变为动词不定式，并在动词不定式之前用,tell,ask,order,command,等及物动词加宾语。如果祈使句是否定式，在不定式前加,not.,第二类直接引语是祈使句直接引语如果是祈使句，变为间接引语时，,eg.She said to us,“,Please sit down,.”,她对我们说：“请坐”。,She,told,us,to sit down,.,她请我们坐下。,He said,“,Dont make so much noise,boys.”,他说：“孩子们，不要弄这么大的声响。”,He,asked,the boys,not to make so much noise.,他让孩子们不要弄那么大的声响。,eg.She said to us,“Please si,第三类直接引语是疑问句,直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序，句末用句号。,第三类直接引语是疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，,直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时，须由,whether,或,if,来引导。主句中的谓语动词是,said,时，要改为,asked,。,eg.He said,“,Are you interested in English,?”,He,asked,(me),if,whether I was interested in English.,He said,“,Did you see him last night?”,He,asked,(m),whether I had seen him the night before.,直接引语是一般疑问句变为间接引语时，须由whether 或i,直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时，须由疑问词引导，并将疑问句结构改为陈述句结构，句末用句号。,eg.“,What do you want?”,he asked me.,He asked me what I wanted.,He asked me,“,Why did you come so late,?”,He asked me why I had gone so late.,直接引语是特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，须由疑问词引导，并将疑问,He said that he was glad to receive my email.,2.He asked me whether I was going home this weekend.,3.She asked how I liked the food there.,4.She told me not to ride in the street.,5.The police ordered the young man to stand where he was.,6.She asked whether I was from the south of China.,7.Mom told me not to tell a lie.,8.Susan told me that they had visited the Red Star Farm the week before.,9.Mr Paul told us that light travels faster than sound.,10.The manager asked him to go and post the letters.,He said that he was glad t