,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2016/6/13,#,JOHN STEINBACK,The Grapes of Wrath,-,周艳林,Content,Author,Literary works,Evaluation,The Grapes of Wrath,John Steinbeck (19021968),1902 born in Salinas,California,Read widely especially in English classical literature,His different working experiences provided materials for many of his novels and may also account for why he,wrote sympathetically about common people.,1920 enrolled in,Stanford University,but left early before he could get his degree,1925 went to New York,1925 returned to California and started his career.,1935 won his first literary prize,Publishing his masterpiece“The Grapes of Wrath”in 1939,1940 the Pulitzer prize,1943,Steinbeck served as a WWII war correspondent.,1962 Nobel Prize for literature,1967 went to Vietnam,1968 Died of heart disease in New York,Awards,Commonwealth Club of California Gold Medal for Best Novel for Tortilla Flat and In Dubious Battle in 1935 and 1936.,New York Drama Critics Award for Of Mice and Men in 1938,Pulitzer Prize for The Grapes of Wrath in 1940,In 1962,he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his“realistic and imaginative writing,combining as it does sympathetic humor and keen social perception.”“通过现实主义的、寓于想象的创作，表现出富于怜悯的幽默和对社会的敏感观看”,1964,he was decorated with the United States Medal of Freedom and Press Medal of Freedom.,Major works,Cup of Gold(1929)金杯his first book,Tortilla Flat(1935)煎饼坪an immediate success upon its publication,A series of“California Novels”Dustbowl trilogy,In Dubious Battle(1936)胜败未定his most“proletarian”(无产阶级)novel of class struggle.,Of Mice and Man(1937)人鼠之间,The Grapes of Wrath(1939)生气的葡萄,Literature works,Pastures of Heaven(1932)天堂牧场,The Red Pony(1933)小红马,To a God Unknown(1933)大地的象征,The Long Valley(1938)a collection of 12 short stories set in Salinas Valley.,The Moon Is Down(1942)月亮下去了,The pearl(1947)珍宝,East of Eden(1952)伊甸之东,Travels with Charley(1962)与查理一起旅行,Evaluation,Inspired by the terrain of his northern California background,Steinbeck set his fiction,in rural areas,.Believing that the writers first duty was to“set down his time as nearly as he can understand it”and to served as“the watch-dog of societyto satirize the oppressed,who,though trapped in an unfair world,remain sympathetic and heroic human beings and show a quiet dignity while facing up to abominable challenges presented by external forces such as nature,society,and fate.,Steinbeck”s fiction combines realism and romance.His approach is sometimes lyric and mystical,sometimes realistic and sociological.With naturalist and symbolist techniques,his lyric prose vividly catches the qualities of the speech of his characters to depict their plights and express compassion,and admiration in response to their sufferings.Despite some period of adverse criticism,particularly in the United Stated,Steinbeck has been popular and esteemed in Europe and remained a major literary figure since the 1930s.,Writing style,Poetic prose(诗性语言),Metaphorical languages,Regional dialect,Characteristics:many types of characters rather than individuals,Symbolic themes,focus:speaking for the poverty-stricken and oppressed people,Reference to the Bible(引用),Analysis of The Grapes of Wrath,Background,Source of the title,Introduction of the story,Major characters,Writing techniques,Themes,Social background,1.A period of economic disaster and physical wasteland,During the early 1930s,a severe drought led to a massive agricultural failure in parts of the southern Great Plains,particular,throughout western Oklahoma and the Texas panhandle.,2.The Great Depression,(Oct.24.1929),Major features of the 1930s literature,Content,Social involvement and concern about the society.,Technique:,The revival of naturalism and realism in addition to the influence of modernism.,The Grapes of Wrath,The story of the migration of a dispossessed family from the Oklahoma Dust Bowl to California and their subsequent exploitation by ruthless system of agricultural economics.,It was the last of his naturalistic novels of the 1930s with proletarian themes.In these works,the rich symbolic structures,effectively convey the mythopoeic(诗性才智)and symbolic qualities of his characters.,The source of the title,It is from a war song of the Civil War,“The Battle Hymn of the Republic”共和国的战斗赞美诗：,Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord;,He is tramping out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored;,我已观看伴随上帝降落时所带来的荣耀光线，,他正在踩踏摧毁贮存盛怒葡萄的地方;,Major characters,Grandpa Joad,Grandma Joad,John Joad,Ma Joad,Pa Joad,Tom Joad,Jim Casy,Noah Joad,Al Joad,Rose of Sharon,Connie River,Ruthie Joad,Major characters,Tom Joadthe protagonist of the story.(II),Egotist(,利己主义者,),Dissolute,Reckless,Aggressive,individualistic,Altruist(,利他主义者,),Family-oriented,Caring,Revolted,devoted,Main characters,Jim Casy,a radical philosopher,a motivator and unifier of men,and a martyr(,殉道者,),Skilled,Respectable,skeptical,Selfless,Determined,dedicated,preacher,Proletarian,leader,Main characters,Rose of Sharon,A“