单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Appositives,Appositive Clauses And Their Application,同位语、同位语从句及运用,Zhao Mei,Step1.Warming up and lead in,热身和导入,Read the following sentences and find out what kind of parts of speech the underlined words are.,读下列句子，并指出划横线词语所充当的句子成分。,He,Song,Joong-ki,was born on September 19,1985.,宋仲基出生于,1985,年,9,月,19,日。,Descendents of the sun,a mini TV series,attracted us,all,.,太阳的后裔，一部迷你电视剧，吸引了我们所有人。,People,male and female,are attracted by Song,Joong-ki,.,人们，男的女的，都为宋仲基所吸引。,Although I was also attracted by this TV play,the belief,that true love can overcome all difficulties,left the deepest impression on me.,尽管我也为这部电视剧所吸引，给我印象最深的还是真爱能克服一切困难这个信念。,总结：同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,关系不紧密时,可用逗号隔开，补充解释说明它们的,_,它可以由,_,、,_,、,_,或,_,充当。,身份或具体内容,从句,名词或名词短语,代词,形容词,Step2.Appositive clauses,同位语从句,Task 1:Read the following sentences and find out the rules for appositive clauses.,任务一：读下列句子，并找出同位语从句的规则。,1),The fact,that,he is handsome and humorous,is absolutely true.,2)I have no,idea,why,Song Joong-ki,attracted so many fans,.,3)I have been thinking about,the question,whether,I should try to see him in person,.,4)In this TV play,there was,a suggestion,that,all men should have a strong sense of responsibility,.,Rule 1:,在复合句中充当,_,语的从句叫同位语从句,.,它一般跟在某些抽象名词,_,面,用以说明该名词表示的,_,。因此同位语从句结构是,_+_+_,。常见的引导同位语从句的名词有,belief(,信念,),idea(,主意,),fact(,事实,),question/problem(,问题,),truth(,真相,),suggestion(,建议,),thought(,想法,),news(,消息,),promise(,承诺,),doubt(,怀疑,),hope(,希望,),message(,信息,),reply(,回复,),order(,命令,),fear(,害怕,),conclusion(,结论,),possibility(,可能,),。,同位,后,具体内容,名词,引导词,从句,Rule 2:,引导同位语从句的引导词有,:,从属连词,(,不充当成分，无意义,),（不充当成分，“是否”）；连接代词,（什么）,（谁）等，连接副词,（什么时候）,（在哪儿）,（为什么）,（如何，怎样）等。,that,whether,what,who,when,where,why,how,Rule 3:,在,suggestion,后面的同位语从句要用,_,语气，即,_+_,。出现以下名词，同样要用此种语气。,一坚持,insistence,二命令,order,command,三建议,suggestion,advice,recommendation,四要求,proposal,demand,request,requirement,虚拟,should,动词原形,【,小组活动,1】,语法填空,(,用适当的连接词填空,),1)They expressed the hope _they would come over to visit China again.,2)I have no idea,_,they were able to get it done in so short a time.,3)Have you any idea,_,he is doing now?,4)They asked me the question,_,the work was worth doing.,5)The question,_,should do the work requires consideration.,that,how,what,whether,who,Task 2:Judge what clauses they are in the following sentences.,判断以下从句类型。,I hated the fact,that the lovers had broken up,in the second episode(,集,),.,I hated the fact,that he told me,.,The news that,Song Joong-ki will come to China,is exciting,.,4.The news that,he told me,is exciting.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,总结：同位语从句和定语从句的区别,1),同位语从句用来进一步,_,前面名词的内容,;,定语从句用来,_,前面的名词。,2),在同位语从句中,that_,成分，只起,_,作用，一般,_,省略,;,在定语从句中,that,代替先行词作,_,成分，用作,_,可省略。,补充解释说明,修饰限制,不充当,连接,不可,充当主,/,宾,/,表,宾语,【,小组活动,2】,高考链接：,1),语法填空：,Maybe you leave a habit _is driving your family crazy.,（,2014,全国）,There can be little doubt,_,classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.,（,2011,广东）,2,）改错：,But I still remember the story,believe it or not,which we got lost on a rainy night.,that/which,that,_,that,Step3.The application of appositives,一、同位语是对前面的名词或代词进行补充说明，因此可以通过同位语的解释来猜测它所修饰词的含义,【,小组活动,1】Try to guess the meaning the of the underlined word according to the appositive that modifies it.,1)The modern age of medicine began with the,stethoscope,an instrument for listening to a patients heartbeat and breathing,.(),2),Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.(),3)Our class learned how to use a,protractor,a tool for measuring angles(,角度,).,(),听诊器,语义学,量角器,4)But suddenly they became the parents of,quintuplets,four girls and a boy looking the same,an event which quickly changed their lives.(),5)William Shakespeare said,“The web of our life is of a,mingled,yarn,（纱线）,good and ill together,.”(),五胞胎,混合交织的,二、同位语运用于介绍,人物,、,事物,或,地点,。,既然同位语是对前面的名词或代词进行补充说明，将同位语去掉后，句子的结构不受影响，依然完整，即结构依然是主谓宾、主系表等。,如：,Song,Joong-ki,a pop star from,South Korean,is one of my favorite actors.,a pop star from,South Korean,【,小组活动,4】,请用同位语介绍你的同桌、同学、好友、学校、家乡或者最喜欢的菜肴、水果等。,如：,Zhanjiang,a famous home of seafood and tropical fruits,is my hometown.,a famous home of,seafood and tropical fruits,Step4.The application of appositive clauses to writing,同位语从句常用情景及句型：,1),引出新闻报导，消息，谣言等内容,:,News/Word,came that,消息传来说,.,Rumors,got around/spread that,谣言传,开,2,）陈述观点,(,特别是表达正反两方的观点,),提出建议,或用来解释观点、理由、结论等的内容,.,Sb.be in favor of/be against,for the,reason,that,某人支持,/,反对,认为,./,原因是,.,Sb.hold the,opinion/view/belief,that.,持有,.,的观点,Sb.have/has no,idea,that,某人不知道,Sb.can,safely draw the,conc,lusion that,某人可以得出,的结论,Sb,have/has a,dream,that,某人有一个梦想,3,）用于一些功能句型表特定含义：,on,condition,that/on the,assumption,that,只要,There is no,doubt,that/There is no,denying,that,毫无疑问,【,小组活动,5】,翻译：利用同位语从句优化句子。,1.,他建议我减肥。我不赞成他的建议，因为肥是幸福的表现。,He suggested that I should lose weight.,I am against his suggestion,because being fat suggests that I am happy.,合并优化：,_,_,I,am against his suggestion that,I should lose weight,for the reason that,