单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,origin of medical English words,1.from common English,2.from Latin,3.from Greek,4.coinage,1.words coming from common English:,whooping cough百日咳,A highly contagious disease of the respiratory system,usually affecting children,that is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis and is characterized in its advanced stage by spasms of coughing interspersed with deep,noisy inspirations.,Also called,pertussis,百日咳,pinkeye/epidemic keratoconjunctivitis(角膜结膜炎),knock-knee/genu valgum(膝内翻),athletes foot/tinea pedis足廯,piles/hemorrhoids(痔疮),lockjaw/tetanus(破伤风),fits/convulsion(惊厥,Fever发热;short-sight近视;,consumption 肺痨消耗 nettle rash;风疹,stroke;中风 baldness;,indigestion;消化不良 blister;水疱，砂眼,Swelling肿;measles麻疹,Rabies狂犬病;windpipe气管,Words coming from Latin,human body,anatomy,function or status,cerebrum(脑）,ala（翼）,rigor（寒战）,pelvis（骨盆）,plexus（丛）,stupor,cornea（角膜）,plica（皱襞）,nausea,humerus（肱骨）,fossa（窝）,tonus（肌肉的强直性,强直性痉挛）,capita头,cervix (颈,bronchus支气管,Abdomen腹部，腹腔,brachium(臂,aorta主动脉,os骨,remember,them:,cutis 真皮,fascia筋膜,corpus,genu膝,vertebra椎骨,labium唇,sinus窦,Words coming from Greek,thorax 胸,iris虹膜,metra子宫,colon结肠,stenosis狭窄,stasis停滞,ptosis下垂,ectopia异位,other common medical words from Greek,stoma 口，小空,soma身体，躯干,glottis声门,derma 真皮,larynx喉,nephron肾单位,rachis脊柱,pharynx咽,phalanx指骨,coinage,Tularemia(Tulare；a place in California)土拉菌病,兔热病；野兔病,Cushing Disease(first discovered by Harvey Cushing),Ven De berghs test(to test icterus and liver disease),some common coinages,Alzheimers disease/presenile dementia,(早老性痴呆,Gravess disease/exophthalmic goiter,突眼性甲状腺肿,Parkinsons disease/paralysis agitans,震颤麻痹,Addisons disease/chronic hypoadrenocorticism,慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退,Potts disease/spinal caries脊柱骨疽,basic elements of medical words,1,.root,(base),2.,affixes:,prefixes,suffixes,3.,Vowels元音,thats join the parts above mentioned,Some examples of roots(bases),Word,Root,Meaning,Epigraphic碑文的,graph,writing,Atrophy萎缩,troph,nourishing,Some examples of roots(bases),Word,Root,Meaning,Lobotomy额叶切除术,Lob(e),A subdivision of a bodily organ or part bounded by fissures,connective tissue,or other structural boundaries.,Word,Root,Meaning,Urology泌尿学,ur(ine),waste,fluid,acid product secreted by the kidneys,Irotomy虹膜切开术,ir(is),pigmented,round,contractile membrane of the eye,pericardiotomy 心包切开术,cardio,heart,nephrotomy肾切开术,nephr,kidney,The combing vowel,Find the combing vowels in the following words:,ge,o,graph y地理,Metr,o,polis大都市,Orth,o,dox正统的,Mon,o,tonous单调的,Anth,o,logy诗集,opt,o,metrist(验光师),Ur,o,logy泌尿学,Hydr,o,therapy水疗法,Aur,i,scope耳镜,Cent,i,grade摄氏,Mil,i,meter毫米,Pelv,i,meter骨盆测量器,prefix and suffix,Some common prefixes from Greek,a an(without)anemia 贫血,anaerobe厌氧细菌,pro(before proenzyme前酶；酶原,prognosis预后,meta(after)metapneumonic肺炎后的,metastasis转移,endo(inside)endocrine内分泌,endoderm内皮,ecto(outside)ectopia异位,ectocardia异位心,en,em(in,into)endemic地方性的,exo(out of)exocrine外分泌,hypo(under,below)hypothermia低温,hypothyroidism甲状腺机能减退,hyper(over,above)hyperdontia牙过多,peri (around)pericardium心包,para (beside,near),paramedical准医学的,anti(against)antibiotic抗生素,antipyretic退热剂,syn,sym,syl (together,with)syndrome综合症,symbiosis共生,epi(on)epidemic流行病,Some common prefixes from Latin,in(without)insomnia(失眠 in somnia睡梦,indigestion消化不良,ante(before)antenatal诞生前的,pre(before)prealveolar牙槽前的,prediastole舒张前期,post(after)postmortem死后,postpartum产后,intra intracellular细胞内的,intravenous静脉内的,extra(outside)extradental(牙外的,extraoral口外的,in(into)inoculation接种,invasion入侵,ex(out of)excretion排泄,expiration呼气；终止,sub(below,under)subnormal低于正常的,sublingual舌下的,infra(below,beneath)infrasonic听阈下的,infrapsychic精神阈下的,Some common suffixes from Greek,ia 状态 anorexia厌食,ism状态，理论),autism孤僻症,giantism巨型,osis 状态，增多,leukocytosis白细胞增多,in 素,insulin胰岛素fibrin纤维素,gen,genic,genesis,(原；产生：的；产生,fibrinogen纤维蛋白原,lactogenic乳生成的,tropic,tropism,亲：的；促：的,hydrotropic向水的,phobia,phobic 恐惧,hydrophobia恐水病,philia,philic,chromophilia(嗜染性,photophilic嗜光的,Competing forms,also called,duplication,.,use both Greek and Latin as sources for medical word bases.,three,types of competing forms :,1)those that have,the same base,but,different combing vowels,;,2),two forms,of the,same base,;,3),two bases,with,the same meaning,.(one from Greek,one from Latin),1,)those that have,the same base,but,different combing vowels,example:,Bronchial支气管的 bronchopneumonia支气管肺炎,Oviduct输卵管 ovoplasm卵浆,2),two forms,of the,same base,;,example:,Hem,orrhage出血,hemat,ology血液学,Ir,otomy虹膜切开术,irid,omalacia虹膜软化,3),two bases,with,the same meaning,.,(one from Greek,one from Latin),synonym:,denote the same object,process,condition,or function,example,Latin,Greek,Meaning,dent,ist 牙医,odont,olog ist,teeth,lacrim,al 泪腺,dacry,o cyst,tear,or,al 口的,stomat,o pathy,mouth,exercises,Give the meanings of the words given below:,dentist odontologist,lacrimal dacryocyst,oral stomatopathy,hemo,hemato,hematopoiesis造血,hematocyte血细胞,hematodynamics血液动力学,sangui,sanguification造血,sanguineous血液充分的,sanguivorous(食血的,sanguine面色红润的；布满希望的,sanguinary血腥的；嗜血成性的,blood,Greek,Latin,