Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,Adrienne Rich(born 1929),媒介与社会性别精品课程专题演讲,Adrienne Rich(selected prose),1976:Of Woman Born:Motherhood as Experience and Institution,1979:On Lies,Secrets and Silence:Selected Prose,1986:Blood,Bread,and Poetry:Selected Prose(includes the essay:“Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence,first published in 1980),1993:What Is Found There:Notebooks on Poetry and Politics,2001:Arts of the Possible:Essays and Conversations,2007:Poetry and Commitment:An Essay,Adrienne Rich(selected poetry),1951:,A Change of World,.,1963:,Snapshots of a daughter-in-law:poems,1954-1962,.,1966:,Necessities of life:Poems,1962-1965,.,1971:,The Will to Change:Poems 1968-1970.,1973:,Diving into the Wreck,.W.W.Norton.,1978:,The Dream of a Common Language,.,1984:,The Fact of a Doorframe:Poems Selected and New,1950-1984,.,1989:,Times Power:Poems,1985-1988,.,1991:,An Atlas of the Difficult World:Poems 1988-1991,.,1995:,Dark Fields of the Republic:Poems,1991-1995,.,1999:,Midnight Salvage:Poems,1995-1998,.,2004:,The School Among the Ruins:Poems,2000-2004,.,2006:,Telephone Ringing in the Labyrinth:Poems 20042006,.,Charlotte Bront(1816-1855),Emily Dickinson(1830-1886),Colette(Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette,1873-1954),Zora Neal Hurston(1891-1960),Audre Lorde(1934-1992),simultaneity of oppressions,“As a forty-nine-year-old Black lesbian feminist socialist mother of two,including one boy,and a member of an interracial couple,I usually find myself a part of some group defined as other,deviant,inferior,or just plain wrong.,“Being women together was not enough.We were different.Being gay-girls together was not enough.We were different.Being Black together was not enough.We were different.Being Black women together was not enough.We were different.Being Black dykes together was not enough.We were different.It was a while before we came to realize that our place was the very house of difference rather than the security of any one particular difference.,Toni Morrison(born 1931),Monique Wittig(1935-2003),Works by Monique Wittig,1964:LOpoponax,1969:Les Gurillres(The Warriors),1973:Le Corps Lesbien(The Lesbian Body),1976:Brouillon pour un dictionnaire des amantes(with Sande Zeig)(Lesbian Peoples:Material for a Dictionary),1985:Virgile,non(Across the Acheron),1992:The Straight Mind and Other Essays(La pense straight)(includes the essay,“The Straight Mind,first published in 1980),1999:Paris-la-Politique,Roland Barthes(1915-1980),Jacques Lacan(1901-1981),Claude Lvi-Strauss(1908-2021),Some coincidences between Wittigs and Richs Texts(I),Both are published in academic Feminist journals in the United States in 1980(though Wittig first presented hers orally in 1978).,Both function as political MANIFESTOS.,Both CRITICIZE heterosexual and patriarchal assumptions within feminism(especially Rich)and society at large.,Both see male-dominated systems as forms of TRYANNY(Wittig,105;Rich,652).,Both see heterosexuality as an IDEOLOGY deserving of critical reflection(Wittig,105;Rich,638).,Both see heterosexuality as a“COMPULSORY(Rich)or“OBLIGATORY(Wittig,107)political and economic SYSTEM or INSTITUTION.,Compulsory/Compulsion,“Compulsory(adjective):1)required by law or a rule;obligatory:for instance,compulsory military service.,2)involving or exercising compulsion;coercive.,“Compulsion(noun):1)the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something;constraint.,2)an irresistible urge to behave in a certain way,especially against ones conscious wishes:for instance,he felt a compulsion to talk about what had happened.,ORIGIN late Middle English:via Old French from late Latin compulsio,from compellere to drive,force(see“to compel).,Obligatory/Obligation,“Obligatory(adjective):1)required by a legal,moral,or other rule;compulsory:for instance,use of seat belts in cars is now obligatory.,2)so customary or routine as to be expected of everyone or on every occasion.,3)(of a ruling)having binding force:for instance,a sovereign whose laws are obligatory.,ORIGIN late Middle English:from late Latin obligatorius,from Latin obligat-obliged,from the verb obligare,from ob-toward+ligare to bind.,Some coincidences between Wittigs and Richs Texts(II),Both dispute the notion that human beings are“naturally and“freely heterosexual(hence,the compulsory/obligatory forms it takes).,Both see sexuality as intimately related to politics and economics(class struggle,for Wittig).,Both understand discourse(language,symbolic systems)as having real,material effects.,Both consider pornography to be an especially powerful manifestation of male control over women(the subjugation and objectification of women for male pleasure).,Some coincidences between Wittigs and Richs Texts(III),Both understand heterosexuality as relying on romanticized myths,unconscious propaganda(in literature,art,advertising,mass media,cinema,religion,etc.),and un-self-critical forms of science that at once constru