,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Section,Grammar&Writing,语法精讲,技能培养,主谓一致,【,考点,1】,名词作主语时的主谓一致,主语,谓语动词,只表示复数意义的集体名词,people,，,police,，,cattle,等,复数,family,，,class,，,team,，,government,，,population,，,crowd,，,public,，,committee,等集体名词,强调整体,单数,强调成员,复数,只作不可数名词用的集体名词,clothing,，,baggage/luggage,，,furniture,，,scenery,，,jewellery,，,equipment,等,单数,单复数同形的名词,means,，,sheep,，,deer,等,根据其表达,的单复数,意义而定,只有复数形式的名词,goods,，,clothes,，,remains,等,复数,表示成双成套的名词,glasses,，,trousers,，,shoes,，,scissors,等,复数,The police are questioning everyone in the house.,警察正在盘问房子里的每一个人。,His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.,他的家人正在等他回国。,My family is large.,我的家庭是一个大家庭。,Our clothing protects us from the cold.,我们的衣服可以御寒。,Each means has been tried to solve the problem,；,but none is effective.,解决这个问题的每一种方法都试过了，但没有一种是有效的。,To whom do these goods belong?,这些货物是谁的？,My trousers are old,，,so I want to buy a new pair.,我的裤子旧了，所以我想买条新的。,特别提示,表示成双成套的名词前若有,pair of,，,type of,等修饰，谓语动词根据量词的形式而定。,A pair of new shoes was given to me as a present by my father last week.,上周父亲送我一双新鞋子作为礼物。,【,考点,2】,并列结构作主语时的主谓一致,主语,谓语动词,由,and,或,both.and,连接，其内容是复数,复数,由,or,，,either.or.,，,neither.nor.,，,not only.but also.,，,not.but.,等连接,就近一致,主语后有,with,，,along with,，,as well as,，,like,，,together with,，,rather than,等词或短语时,依然与主,语一致,Jim and Mary are both interested in it.,吉姆和玛丽都对此感兴趣。,Not only the students but also the teacher likes playing basketball.,学生和老师都喜欢打篮球。,The mother along with her two children goes to the park every weekend.,母亲与她的两个孩子每个周末都去公园。,特别提示,(1),由,and,连接的并列单数主语前若有,no,，,each,，,many a,，,every,等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。,Each student and each teacher was given a ticket.,每个学生和老师都发给了一张票。,(2),当,and,连接的两个词指同一个人或事物时，谓语要用单数。,A knife and fork is on the table.,桌子上有副刀叉。,【,考点,3】,数量概念作主语时的主谓一致,主语,谓语动词,表示时间、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语,单数,some,，,most,，,rest,及分数、百分数等,根据所代替的名词而定,a number of,复数名词,复数,the number of,复数名词,单数,more than one/many a,单数名词,单数,one of,复数名词,单数,quantities of,复数,a quantity of,通常取决于,of,后面的名词,Five minutes isn,t enough to finish this test.,要完成这个测试,5,分钟是不够的。,Most of the teachers are against the proposal.,大部分教师反对这个提议。,A number of new houses have been built there.,那儿已建了许多新房子。,The number of the unemployed is still increasing.,失业人数还在增加。,More than one person is involved in the matter.,不止一个人卷入到这个事件中。,One of my close friends has been abroad for 8 years.,我的一个好朋友已在国外待了,8,年。,There are large quantities of rain in this area.,这一地区雨量大。,A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge.,建这座桥花了很多钱。,【,考点,4】,不定代词作主语时的主谓一致,主语,谓语动词,either,，,neither,，,each,，,little,，,much,等,单数,both,，,few,，,many,，,several,等,复数,all,指可数名词复数,复数,指不可数名词,单数,none,指可数名词复数,单、复数均可,指不可数名词,单数,Each of the books costs 5,yuan,.,每本书,5,块钱。,Both of my grandfathers are farmers.,我的祖父和外祖父都是农民。,All have gone home.,大家都回家了。,All of the money is mine.,这所有的钱都是我的。,None of them is/are aware of the danger.,他们没有人意识到那个危险。,Is there any ink in the bottle?,No,，,there is none.,“,瓶里有墨水吗？,”,“,不，没有了。,”,【,考点,5】,其他情况作主语时的主谓一致,主语,谓语动词,“,the,形容词,”,指一类人或可数事物,复数,指抽象概念或不可数事物,单数,there be,句式中,就近一致,倒装句中,与其后的名词一致,定语从句中关系代词作主语,与先行词一致,表示单一概念的不定式、动名词或从句,单数,The old are well taken care of in China.,在中国，老人受到很好的照顾。,There is an apple and some oranges on the table.,桌子上有一个苹果和一些橘子。,Here comes the bus.,公交车来了。,Mr.Smith,，,who is now downstairs,，,is asking to see you.,史密斯先生要见你，现在他正在楼下。,Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.,在阳光下读书对眼睛有害。,What we need are qualified teachers.,我们需要的是合格的教师。,特别提示,当,what we need,作主语时，要由,what,所指代的事物决定单复数。,典例,1,(2019,全国卷,)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,，,three are declining,，,six_(be)stable,，,one is increasing,，,.,解析,句意：在被认出来的,19,个北极熊亚群中，有,3,个数量在降低，有,6,个是稳定的，,1,个在增加，,此空的主语是,six(subpopulations),，谓语动词应用复数，与前后文时态一致，故填,are,。,答案,are,典例,2,(2017,全国卷,)When fat and salt_(remove)from food,，,the food tastes as if it is missing something.,解析,句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中去除，食物尝起来就好像缺失了什么似的。在状语从句中，,fat,和,salt,作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，主语与,remove,为动宾关系，故用被动。由主句的,tastes,和,is,可推知时态为一般现在时，故填,are removed,。,答案,are removed,典例,3,(2018,全国卷,)Since 2011,，,the country_(grow)more corn than rice.,解析,句意：自,2011,年以来，中国种植玉米的数量超过了水稻。主语,the country,为单数名词，谓语与其一致用单数。再由,since 2011,这一时间状语可判断时态为现在完成时，主语与谓语之间为主谓关系。故填,has grown,。,答案,has grown,典例,4,It is important to remember that success_(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often_(take)years to achieve.,解析,句意：记住这一点很重要：成功是每天所付出的一点一滴的努力的积累，经常需要很多年才能获得。根据句子结构可知，第一空和第二空共用主语,success,，它是不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。,答案,is,；,takes,典例,5,All we need_(be)a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.,解析,句意：我们所需要的就是一小片土地，我们可以在一年中播种的季节里在那儿种植各类果树。根据题干可知,all,指代的是,a small piece of land,，所以谓语动词要用单数形式，整句话的语境为一般现在时，故填,is,。,答案,is,写作指导,技法借鉴,人物描写文就是通过描写人物的外貌、经历或相关的事件等来表现人物的特征、特点的一种文体。英语中常见的人物描写有三种类型：外貌描写：通常只是选取这个人外表上的一个最鲜明的部分进行特写，如：眼睛、个头、胖瘦、气质等。语言行为描写：人物的行为要符合人物的性格特点，可以选择具体的、富有特色的行动或事迹来显示人物的性格品质。心理活动描写：心理描写是零距离展现人物情感的重要手法之一。人物的心理描写要充分个性化，让人读了如闻其声，如见其人。,如何描述人物,进行人物描写文的写作时，应注意：写作角度：常以第三人称进行描写，时态按具体情况而定。重点取材，主次分明：如需选实例描写，则取材时要注重人物一生中的典型事迹或成就，选取一两件进行描写，不要面面俱到。稍加评论，抒发感情：在描写过程中不要一味地客观描写，应该对其行为和事迹适当进行评价，表明态度，抒发感情，以突出人物个性。,【,常用表