单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter1 Language,Culture and Thought,Language,culture and thought interact,each influencing and shaping the others,1.,Properties,of language,2.Definitions and Properties of culture,2.1,Definitions,of culture 2.1.1 Culture in its,broad,sense,2.1.2Culture in its,narrow,sense,2.2,Properties,of culture,2.3 Models for the analysis of culture,3.Relationship between language,culture and thought,3.1 Relationship between language and culture,3.2 thought,3.3 Relationship between language and thought,3.4,Concluding remarks,on the relationship between language,culture and thought,4.Interculture communication,1.,Properties,of language,language is,1.,systematic,(it is,rule,governed.Elements in it are arranged according to certain,rules,),2.,arbitrary,(there is,no logical relationshiop,between words and objects,actions or concetps these words are used to refer to,except for onomatopoeic words and compounds),3.,symbolic,(the arbitrariness of language also explains its symbolic nature.Words are associated with objects,actions and ideas through,convention,),4.,vocal,(speech is,the primary medium,of language,while writing is secondary),5.,uniquely human,(language is human specific),6.,used for communication,(Communication is,the primary function,of language),7.,used to understand and describe the world,.,8.,the carrier and container of cultural information,(Human beings have been interacting with the world and accumulated their experience and knowledge about the world which are,represented in language,),2.1,Definitions,of culture,In English,Culture,is a,loan,word from,Latin,in which it mainly meant,cultivating or tilling the land,.,The word originally associated with,physical activities,and,production of food.,Later,its meaning,was extended,to include,mental,moral,aesthetic,educational and intellectural activities,.,In comtemporary English its original meaning is still remained.,“文化”,is a,native,word in Chinese.,“文”,and“化”were used together when,the Warring States,fought aganist each other.,In,观乎人文，以化成天下,人文,refers to,the interwoven relationships,between people in social life,namely,the relationships between,the monarch and his subjects,f,athers and sons,husbands and wives,brothers and friends,.,化 means,changing and/or cultivating,“文”and“化”,when used together,mean,以文教化,.,They were combined into one word in,Han Dynasty,with its meaning,contrasted with,nature,on one hand and,primitivness,and,savage,on the other hand.,So was originally associated with,mental activities,alone,2.1.1 Culture in its,broad,sense,In its,broad,sense,culture,is,the attributes of man,.,1.,Materials,man has got to satisfy his needs,2,.,Social institutions and organizations,man has established,3,.,Knowledge,about nature and man himself and artistic development,4.Language and other communication systems,5,.Customs,habits and behavioural patterns,6,.Value systems,world views,national traits,aesthetic standards and thinking patterns,Culture in its,broad,sense is also called,large C culture,or,academic culture,2.1.2Culture in its,narrow,sense,Culture in its,narrow,sense is also called,small C culture,or,anthropological culture.,(The first anthropological definition of culture was offered by,the British scholar Edward B.Tylor),Culture can be defined as,lifeway of a population.,2.2,Properties,of culture,1.Culture is,human specific,2.,a,social,phenomenon,3.a,national,phenomenon,4.a,historical,phenomenon,5.,general and abstract,2.3 Models for the analysis of culture,1)Key Questions,Nelson Brooks,a foreign language teaching researcher,suggests that it is important to have key questions in mind when observing and studying culture.,2)The Thematic model,Howard Lee Nostrand,a professor of French as a foreign language is interested in patterns in the feelings,beliefs and thought process of members of a culture.,3)Seven Facts,George Murdock,bases his culture model on the assumption that any one element of culture may have seven facts.,3.1 Relationship between language and culture,1.Language is a part of culture,(There is no culture that has no language as its part.Language and culture are not separable.),2.Language is the carrier and container of culture,3.As a mirror of culture,language is strongly influenced and shaped by culture.,4.Language also exerts its influence on culture.,5.Language and culture is closely related,each influencing and shaping the other.,3.2 thought,1.Thought is the function and product of the human brain,2.,Thought,also refers to,patterns,of ideas characteristic of a social group,The western people,as heirs to Greco-Latin heritage,are good at,formal logic,which,together with experimental research,forms the basis for modern science.,The Chinese people are accustomed to,dialectic,or,holistic,thinking.,The traditional Chinese medical science is closely related with this thinki