单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,阅读表达解题指导,常州市教育教研室,刘芸,义务教育英语课程标准,对读的要求：,主要考查学生对语言材料的理解能力以及从语言材料中获取信息的能力；,在理解信息的基础上，学生还要能够对信息加以判断、归纳、综合。,阅读表达要考查什么？,该题型并非仅仅是对考生语言知识层面的考查，更重要的是对其语言运用层面能力的考查；,不仅考查考生对直接信息的获取和理解，而且考查对间接信息的获取和理解，还考查考生的信息概括能力及表述所获信息的能力。,一、阅读表达特点分析,语篇特点,语篇包含明确信息，条理清晰，便于归纳总结，一般采用先总后分的结构，如优缺点对比，正反面对比，或者有条理地阐述原因、道理或方法等。,选材特点,选材以说明文为主。内容与学生学习、生活话题相关，涉及励志、建议、文化背景等。词数,300-350,字。文章结构工整，语言有一定难度。,二、解题指导,1.,篇章阅读,理解文章大意是第一步，也是最关键的一步。重视每段第一句话，理清文章的写作思路和基本结构。,同时文章结构往往是很重要的设题线索，表格项目可能就是根据文章的结构而设计的。,2.,分析表格,试卷所提供的表格就是文章内容的浓缩，也可以说是文章的提纲，一般来说表格的结构就是文章的结构，所以认真分析表格的结构非常重要。,分析表格结构，理清其显示的层次关系，准确定位其考查要点。要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。,一般题目的结构是：,（,1,）全文的标题。在标题中缺少一个关键词，根据文章填出所缺关键词。,（,2,）各段大意。试题中给出各段大意，在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容，学生把文章的各段对应起来，找准信息。,（,3,）对各段大意的详细的阐述。从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发。,Topic,Queuing in Britain,Professors,（,34,）,of queuing,The British have,（,35,）,a higher level of civilization.,It is the highest form of cooperative group behavior.,Social rules,of queuing,You should stand,（,36,）,too close to nor far from the person in front of you.,Even if there is only one British person waiting for a bus,he queues too.,If tourists do not queue,they will be strictly reminded to,（,37,）,the local custom.,The power,of queuing,The British queued and kept calm even in face of,（,38,）,.,2012,年中考,3.,信息变通的方法,（,1,）间接法。即基于原文某个词语的语法变形。如，主动与被动，谓语动词和非谓语动词，动词原形与动词第三人称单数形式，动词与名词，名词与形容词，形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，名词单复数等。,例如：,The British queued and kept calm even in face of,（,38,）,.,（间接法）,原文依据：,In dangerous situations,，,standing in line has prevented them from getting very frightened.,（,2,）意译法。即对原文中的某句话在保持意思不变的情况下，变换一种说法。这种变换有一定的难度，要求学生吃透原句意思，然后进行转换或解释。,例,1,：,The British have,（,35,）,a higher level of civilization.,（意译法）,原文依据：,it brings the British to a higher level of civilization(,文明,).,例,2,：,If tourists do not queue,they will be strictly reminded to,（,37,）,the local custom.,（意译法）,原文依据：,if they do not get in line behind the British person,he or she will tell them strictly:“This is a queue.”,意译法的答案来源有三个方面：,根据关键词导航，在文章中捕捉原始信息,根据空格前后变化了的新语境，从语法和搭配的角度对原始信息进行加工。,根据单元格本身的行文规律，遵循同一栏在表达上的一致性原则从周围单元格中确定信息最终的输出形式。,4.,概括信息的方法,（,1,）看懂表格。归纳概括词语往往位于表格上面的第一行或表格左边的第一列。要参看其他栏目名称的表达形式。,归纳概括的注意事项有大小写单复数搭配,(34),of building up vocabulary,Improve your ability to express yourselves and communicate better with others.,Be,(35),to your study.,答案：,Advantages,错误答案有：,Ways,，,Important,等,（,2,）掌握常见的归纳概括词语,时间类：,time,age,date,when,地点类：,place,area,where,事件类：,event,topic,what,特点类：,characteristic,，,character,原因类：,cause,reason,why,目的类：,purpose,goal,wish,dream,结果类：,effect,result,方法类：,solution,way,suggestion,key,观点类：,conclusion,opinion,问题类：,question,problem,topic,对比类：,difference,advantage,disadvantage,种类类：,kind,type,Topic:Increasing Your Vocabulary,(34),of building up vocabulary,Improve your ability to express yourselves and communicate better with others.,Be,(35),to your study.,Suggestions on remembering new words,1.Remember every new word you meet with by,(36),it.,Learn about the word and anything that relates to it by looking it up in your dictionary.,2.Make a,(37),of new words to learn.,Review the words every day by looking at and speaking them out loudly.,Copy the words and their meanings over and over again.,3.Do word games.,Play these games,come across new words and study them with fun.,4.Learn words through reading.,Read things you,(38),.,Do not skip over new words,but remember and use them more.,(34),of building up vocabulary,（概括法）,从下格,suggestions on remembering new words,可以推出此题需填入概括性的词汇。,Improve your ability to express yourselves and communicate better with others.,Be,(35),to your study.,（意译法）,从原句,Luckily,increasing(,增加,)our word power can make us own the skills we need to communicate better with others and can also,help us get better results in our study,.,推出,Be,helpful/useful,to your study.,1.Remember every new word you meet with by,(36),it.,Learn about the word and anything that relates to it by looking it up in your dictionary.,（间接法）,从原句,If you understand the word,youll hopefully remember it well.,推出,Remember every new word you meet with by,understanding,it.,2.Make a,(37),of new words to learn.,Review the words every day by looking at and speaking them out loudly.,Copy the words and their meanings over and over again.,（,意译法）从原句,youd better write down words to learn.even take down the unknown words you hear,推出,Make a,list,of new words to learn.,4.Learn words through reading.,Read things you,(38),.,Do not skip over new words,but remember and use them more.,（意译法）从原句,Read things in which you take much pleasure,推出,Read things you,like,.,总之，教师训练学生注意信息归类、细节整理、观察表格、恰当表达，在概括信息时，遵循概括性原则和针对性原则，学生的英语综合运用能力，包括阅读理解短文的能力、阅读表格的能力、概括语言的能力以及信息转换的能力都能得到提高。,！,祝各位老师新学期,身体健康、工作顺利！,Thank you,