单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,C-E Translation,1,语义翻译,一、理解中的语义,英语中一词多义、汉语中一字多义，这是常见的语言现象。,经过仔细研究，可以发现越是常用的字和词语，越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配,这就需要我们依靠具体的上下文来判断某一个字或词语的意义。,run,run,across 跑过 偶然碰见,run,away 跑开 失去控制,run,in 跑进 陷于；偶然碰见,run,out 跑出 被用完；将尽,run,over 跑过 满出，溢出,run,a race 参加赛跑,run,for presidency 竞选总统,run,to extremes 走向极端,run,the streets 流浪街头,run,a car 驾驶小汽车,run,a factory 办工厂,run,oil 提炼石油,run,to 跑到 （数量等）达到,run,on 不停地跑 讲个不停，喋喋不休,run,sb into difficulties 使某人陷入困境,run,the risk of 冒着的危险,run,into debt 负债,run,ones head into a wall 撞南墙，碰壁,The idea,runs,in his mind.这个念头萦绕在他的脑海里。,The street,runs,north.大街向北延伸。,The news,runs,rapidly in the town.这个消息迅速在镇上传开。,上,上,班 to go to work;to be on duty,上,报 to appear in the newspapers,上,场 to appear on the stage court,上,当 to be taken in,上,吊 to hang oneself,上,冻 to freeze,上,瘾 to be addicted(to sth),上,轨道 to get on the right track,上,火 to get angry,上,进 to make progress,上,课 to attend class,上,路 to set out on a journey,上,年纪 to be getting on in years,上,任 to take up an official post,上,台 to come to power,随函附,上,2角钱邮票一张。Enclosed herewith is a 20-fen stamp.,这一盘你,上,。You play this game.,一连,上,了好几道菜。Several courses were served in succession.,行李还没,上,架。The luggage has not been put on the rack yet.,这事已,上,了电视。It has been publicized on TV.,head,1）He was badly wounded in the,head,.,他,头部,受重伤。,2）You should use your,head,a bit.,你该用一下自己的,头脑,。,3）He has a good,head,for mathematics.,他的数学,能力,很强。,4）The dinner cost us five dollars a,head,.,这顿饭花去我们,每人,五块钱。,5）Present at the meeting were the,heads,of government of the four countries.,出席会议的有4国政府的,首脑,。,6）,Heads,or tails?,正面,还是反面？,7）Where is the,head,?,厕所,在哪里？（船上用语）,cease respiration,relinquish life,lose ones life,emit the last breath,cease to exist,come to a violent death,come to naught,meet ones death,suffer death,commit suicide,end ones day,drop dead,be no more,选词就是在译文里寻找最恰当的表达方法。,英语中一词多义、汉语中一字多义，这是常见的语言现象。,It was a girl with good manners.,用两个汉字来表示die这个概念的词有：,He was told,when complaining that he could not follow Nassers moves,that Nasser was a good chess player.,Let me tell the story from the very beginning.,It was a girl with good manners.,I suspect it to be hoary frost on the floor.,Translation exercises:,上年纪 to be getting on in years,run to extremes 走向极端,上吊 to hang oneself,头,1）这娃娃,头,真大。,The baby has got a big,head,.,2）她正在梳,头,。,She was combing her,hair,.,3）他的女儿在山,头,上玩。,His daughter,4）让我从,头,讲起吧。,Let me tell the story from the,very beginning,.,5）她是我们组的,头,儿。,She is the,head,chief,of our group.,6）事情不能只顾一,头,。,We mustnt pay attention to only one,aspect,of the matter.,7）这还是我,头,一次来杭州呢。,This is,the first,time I have been in Hangzhou.,8）我们有30,头,牛。,We have thirty,heads,of cattle.,9）他,头,天上午就来了。,He came here,the previous,morning.,二、表达中的选词,在翻译过程中，有了正确的理解并不等于翻译已经完成。,选用最地道的表达方法，来完成翻译的过程。选词就是在译文里寻找最恰当的表达方法。,die,用一个汉字来表示die这个概念的词有：,亡，故，卒，弱，逝，毙，陨，崩，,薨，殁，殪,用两个汉字来表示die这个概念的词有：,亡故，身故，物故，物化，故世，谢世，弃世，过世，下世，仙逝，千古，作古，归西，过去，不在，牺牲，舍身，殉职，凋谢，捐躯，殉难，迁化，长逝，永别，永眠，就木，完蛋，没了，合眼，阵亡，早逝，夭折，送命，丧命，客死，升天，鹤化，圆寂，归寂，驾崩，晏驾,用三个汉字来表示die这个概念的词有：,回老家，玩儿完，登鬼录，填沟壑，山陵崩,用四个汉字来表示die这个概念的词有：,粉身碎骨，见马克思，溘然长逝，寿终正寝，呜呼哀哉，一命呜呼，天夺其魂，跨鹤西游，千秋之后，三长两短，山高水低，舍生取义，肝脑涂地，千秋万岁，葬玉埋香，玉殒香消，倩女离魂,死,用一个英语单词来表示“死”这个概念的词语有：,perish,suffocate,expire,decease,croak,depart,fall,hang,succumb,drown,用写实的手法来表示“死”这个概念的英语词组有：,cease respiration,relinquish life,lose ones life,emit the last breath,cease to exist,come to a violent death,come to naught,meet ones death,suffer death,commit suicide,end ones day,drop dead,be no more,用形象的比喻来表示“死”这个概念的英语词组有：,pass away,fade away,check in,check out,burn out,kick in,kick off,go west,go to glory,return to the earth,fall asleep,rest in peace,become one with nature,join the majority,close ones eyes,kick the bucket,leave this world,depart to the world of shadows,形容词选词实例：,He once again imparted to us his,great,knowledge,experience and wisdom.,我们又一次领受了他那,广博的,知识、,丰富的,经验和,无穷的,智慧。,在这个实例中，great的基本词义为“很多”(much;a large quantity of)。如果我们把his great knowledge,experience and wisdom简单地译成“他那许多的知识、经验和智慧”，译文就显得语言枯燥，丝毫没有文采，也缺少一种优美的节奏感，不像是地道的汉语。,动词选词实例：,In every Chinese city,we,got into,the streets,shops,parks,theatres and restaurants.,在中国我们每到一个城市，就,逛,大街、,逛,商店、,逛,公园、,上,剧场、,下,饭馆。,这个实例中，got into the streets,shops,parks,theatres and restaurants如译成“走进大街、商店、公园、剧场和饭店”，语言就显得平淡无味，而且按汉语习惯，我们应该说“走上大街”而不是“走进大街”。译文中的3个“逛”、1个“上”和1个“下”来翻译原文中的got into，就显得非常地道，比原文中的词组更能传达作者的思想，3个“逛”充分表达了作者在中国观光时轻松愉快的心情，“上剧场”就显出剧场的高雅，“下饭馆”就显得作者在中国的随意。这个译文在选词上非常成功，5个动词令人叫绝。,三、常用翻译策略,直译,意译,音译,形象译,（一）直译,Hot line,热线,Ivory tower,象牙塔,Chain reaction,连锁反应,Crocodile tears,鳄鱼的眼泪,Bull/Bear market,牛市/熊市,One stone kills two birds.,一石击二鸟。,A wolf in sheeps clothing,披着羊皮的狼,The early bird gets the worm.,早起的鸟能捉到虫子。,There was never a good war,nor a bad peace.(Benjamin Franklin),从来没有好战争，也没有坏和平。,If we believe a thing to be bad and,if we have a right to prevent it,it is our duty to try to prevent it and to damn the consequences.,假如我们相信某一件事是坏事并有权阻止它，那我们就有义务阻止它发生，并谴责它的后果,（二）意译,Every dog has its day.,凡人皆有得意时。,Every family has a skeleton in the cupboard.,家丑，家丑，家家都有。,The murderer was caught red-handed.,杀人凶