,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,*,陈一士,位置度公差的计算,位置度公差的计算,1,机械零件装配在一起最为常用的有如下两种连接:,1,),以活动紧固件,(,或轴,),通过被装配零件上的光孔进行连接,这种方式最常用的如螺栓(两个零件均为光孔)连接。,一 概述,图,1,机械零件装配在一起最为常用的有如下两种连接:一 概,2,在这些连接中,,常用位置度度公差控制连接孔距的变化。当实际要素处于最大实体状态(,MMC,),,其轴线或中心面又处在位置度公差带的极限位置,此时装配最为不利。以此作为计算依据,则其它零件合格的场合则都能自由装配。,2,)以固定紧固件,(,或轴,),牢固地连接在一个零件上,且通过另一零件上的光孔进行连接,这种方式最常用的如螺钉(一零件为光孔、一零件为螺孔)连接。,图,2,在这些连接中,常用位置度度公差控制连接孔距的变化。当,3,二 公式推导,设:,H,光孔的,MMC,尺寸(,MMS,),F ,紧固件,(,轴,),的,MMC,尺寸,(,MMS,),T,公差带大小,C,min,孔与轴的最小间隙,则:,F/2=H/2-T/2,H=F+T,或,C,min,=H F=T,C,min,T/2,F,H,H,T,F/2,H/2,T/2,T/2,1,图,3,(,1,),A,),“活动”紧固件连接,二 公式推导设:C min T/2FHH TF/2,4,C,min,T,1,/2,F,H,H,T,2,F/2,H/2,若:,H,1,=H,2,=H,,,T,1,T,2,T,公式(,1,)的进一步讨论:,T,2,/2,T,1,/2,X,则:,F/2=H/2-T,1,/2,X,而,X,=,(,T,2,/2-T,1,/2,),/2,代入上式得:,F/2=H/2-T,1,/2,(,T,2,/2-T,1,/2,),/2,最后得:,F=H-,(,T,2,+T,1,),/2,或,H=F+,(,T,1,+T,2,),/2,2,(,2,),图,4,C min T1/2FHH T2F/2H/2 若:H1,5,C,min,T/2,F,H,2,H,1,T,H,2,/2,若:,H,1,H,2,H,,,T,1,=,T,2,=,T,F/2,X,H,1,/2,则:,H,1,/2=F/2+T/2+,X,而,X,=F/2,Y,,,Y,=H,2,/2-T/2,X,=F/2-H,2,/2+T/2,代入上式得:,H,1,/2=F/2+T/2+F/2-H,2,/2+T/2,最后得:,F=,(,H,1,+H,2,),/2-T,或,H,1,+H,2,=2F+2T,Y,T/2,3,(,3,),图,5,C min T/2FH2H1 TH2/2 若:H1,6,若:,H,1,H,2,H,,,T,1,T,2,T,C,min,T,1,/2,F,H,2,H,1,H,1,/2,T,2,/2,T,1,/2,T,2,F/2,X,Y,则:,H,1,/2=F/2+T,1,/2+,X,而,X,=F/2,Y,,,Y,=H,2,/2 T,2,/2,X,=F/2-H,2,/2+T,2,/2,代入上式得:,H,1,/2=F/2+T,1,/2+F/2-H,2,/2+T,2,/2,最后得:,F=,(,H,1,+H,2,),/2,(,T1+T2,),/2,或,H,1,+H,2,=2F+T,1,+T,2,4,(,4,),图,6,若:H1 H2 H,T1 T2 TC,7,B,),“固定”紧固件连接,T,F,H,公式的讨论:,T,1,T,2,T,则:,F=H-,(,T,1,+T,2,)或,H=F+,(,T,1,+T,2,),设:,H,光孔的,MMS,F ,紧固件,(,轴,),的,MMS,T,公差带大小,C,min,孔与轴的最小间隙,则:,F/2=H/2 T,F=H 2T,T,=,(,H F,),/2=,C,min,/2,5,(,6,),图,7,(,5,),B)“固定”紧固件连接 TFH公式的讨论:T1 T2,8,A,H,2,E,M,T,1,M,A,H,1,A,F,2,E,F,1,M,T,2,M,A,C,),两个同轴要素或,两个,对称要素,(,其中一个要素为另一个要素的基准,),的配合零件,这两组零件的被测要素为,MMVS,边界,基准要素为,MMC,边界,,,若两个零件的,MMVS,和,MMS,之和相等,就能满足自由装配。即:,H,1,T,1,+H,2,=F,1,+T,2,+F,2,或,H,1,+H,2,=F,1,+F,2,+T,1,+T,2,H,1,M,T,1,M,A,A,H,2,E,F,1,M,T,2,M,A,F,2,E,A,可理解将式(,4,)的,2F,分为,F,1,和,F,2,6,(,7,),图,8,A H2 EM T1 M A H1A,9,三 实例,T M,4-4.5,+0.12,0,二板件各,4,个光孔用,4,个,M4,螺栓连接,(活动紧固件连接),已知:孔的,MMS,(,H,),=,4.5,轴的,MMS,(,F,),=,4.0,求:,T,1,和,T,2,?,计算,:,A),由式,(2),得:,H=F+,(,T,1,+T,2,),/2,4.5,=,4,+,(,T,1,+T,2,),/2,:,则:,T,1,+T,2,=1,如:,T,1,=T,2,=,0.5,,,如:,T,1,T,2,,,T,1,=0.4,,,T,2,=0.6,等,图,9,B),由式,(1),得:,T=,H F=,4.5,4,=,0.5,0.5 M,三 实例 T M 4-,10,若上例中光孔尺寸为,MMS,(,H,),=,4.14,求:,T,1,、,T,2,?,4 B11,+0.215,+0.140,计算:,A,)由式,(2),:,H=F+,(,T,1,+T,2,),/2,4.14,=,4,+,(,T,1,+T,2,),/2,则:,T,1,+T,2,=0.28,,,T,1,=T,2,=,0.14,。,B,),由式,(,1),:,T=H F=,4.14,-,4,=,0.14,。,若上例中已知位置度公差都为,0.5,求:光孔,H,的,MMS,尺寸,?,计算:,A,)由式,(2),:,H=F+,(,T,1,+T,2,),/2=4+,(,0.5,1,+0.5,),/2,则:,H=4.5,。,B,),由式,(1),:,H=F+T=4+0.5=4.5,。,若上例中光孔尺寸为,11,同轴件,(活动紧固件连接),T,1,M,A M,10 H9,+0.043,0,A,E,20 H9,+0.052,0,20,e9,-0.040,-,0.076,E,T,2,M,A M,10 d9,-0.040,-0.076,计算:,由式,(7),得,H,1,+H,2,=F,1,+F,2,+T,1,+T,2,T,1,+T,2,=,20+10-19.96 9.96=0.08,A,件,1,件,2,如:,T,1,=T,2,=,0.04,或,T,1,=,0.05,,,T,2,=,0.03,等。,图,10,同轴件(活动紧固件连接)T1 M,12,对称板件,(活动紧固件连接),A,20,d 9,-0.040,-,0.092,E,T,1,M,A M,10 H9,+0.058,0,A,20,H 9,+0.052,0,E,10 d 6,-0.040,-0.098,T,2,M,A M,件,1,件,2,计算:,由式,(7),得:,H,1,+H,2,=F,1,+F,2,+T,1,+T,2,T,1,+T,2,=,10+20-19.96-9.96=0.08,如:,T,1,=T,2,=,0.04,或,T,1,=,0.05,,,T,2,=,0.03,等。,图,11,对称板件(活动紧固件连接)A 20 d 9 -,13,T,1,M,4-4,+0.12,0,板件,(固定紧固件连接),件,1,T,2,M,4-3,.5,0,-0.12,件,2,计算:,A,)由式,(6),得:,H=F+T,1,+T,2,,,4=3.5+T,1,+T,2,则:,T,1,+T,2,=,0.5,如:,T,1,=T,2,=,0.25,或,T,1,=,0.2,,,T,2,=,0.3,等。,B,)由式,(5),得,:,T=,(,H-F,),/2=,(,4 3.5,),/2=0.25,图,12,T1 M 4-4 +0.12 板,14,T,1,M,4-3.5 B11,(),+0.215,+,0.140,4-3,.5,h11,(),0,-0.075,件,2,件,1,若光孔为,3.5,B11,,轴为,3.5,h11,(配合),计算:,A,)由式,(6),得:,H=F+T,1,+T,2,,,3.64=3.5+T,1,+T,2,,,T,1,+T,2,=,0.14,设:,T,1,=T,2,则,:T,1,=T,2,=,0.07,。,B,)由式,(5),得,:,T=,(,H-F,),/2=,(,3.64 3.5,),/2=,0.07,。,图,13,T,2,M,T1 M 4-3.5 B11(,15,对称板件,(固定紧固件连接),T,2,M,3 4,+0.12,0,件,1,件,2,计算:,A,),由式,(6),得:,H=F+T,1,+T,2,,,4=3.5+T,1,+T,2,则:,T,1,+T,2,=,0.5,如:,T,1,=T,2,=,0.25,或,T,1,=,0.2,,,T,2,=,0.3,等。,B,),由式,(5),得:,T=,(,H-F,),/2=,(,4-3.5,),/2=,0.25,图,14,3 3,.5,0,-,0.12,T,1,M,对称板件(固定紧固件连接)T2 M,16,综合,P,A,L,L,A,A,A-A,2 M4X12,T,2,M,A,4,.2,+0.2,0,L,L,T,3,M,A,R,7,.8,+0.2,0,T,1,M,A,T,2,M,A,2 ,4,.2,4,.2,+0.2,0,T,3,M,A,R,7,.8,+0.2,0,B,B,10,0.5,B-B,底座,盖板,设计要求:(,1,)底座与盖板螺钉连结;(,2,),4,.2,孔需通过,4,轴;(,3,),R,槽能通过,15,轴;(,4,)螺孔中心到边允差,1,。,L,T,1,M,A,图,15,综合P ALLAAA-A 2 M4X12,17,计算方法:,(,1,)求,T,1,与,P,的高度,L,延,解:为固定紧固件连接,用式,(5),:,T,1,=,(,H-F,),/2=,(,4.2,-,4,),/2=,0.1,;,L,延,=,10+0.5=10.5,。,(,2,)求,T,2,解:为活动紧固件连接,用式,(1),:,T,2,=,H-,F,=,4.2,-,4=,0.2,。,(,3,)求,T,3,解:为活动紧固件连接,用式,(1),:,T,3,=,H-,F,=,7.8 x 2,-,15=,0.6,。,(,4,)求,L,解:因为,允差为,1,所以,L,=,1/2,=,0.5,。,计算方法:,18,P,A,L,0.5,A,A,A-A,2 M4X12,0.1,M,A,4,.2,+0.2,0,L,0.5,0.6,M,A,R,7,.8,+0.2,0,0.1,M,A,2 ,4,.2,4,.2,+0.2,0,R,7,.8,+0.2,0,B,B,10,0.5,B-B,底座,盖板,10.5,0.2,M,A,0.2,M,A,0.6,M,A,图,16,P AL0.5AAA-A 2 M4X12,19,H,光孔的,MMS,F ,销,的,MMS,T,1,光孔的公差带大小,T,2,销,的公差带大小,P,销的,延伸高度,max,D ,销深度,min,P,D,H/2,T,2,/2,X,T,1,/2,F/2,H/2,=,F/2+X+T,1,/2+T,2,/2 X/T,2,=P/D X=PT,2,/D,H=F+2X+T,1,+T,2,H=F+2PT,2,/D+T,1,+T,2,H=F+T,1,+T,2,(,1+2P/D,),四 美国标