单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021-6-1,#,语法专题三介词和介词短语,-,2,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,1,.(2020,全国,语篇填空,)Bamboo plants are associated,_ health,abundance,and a happy home.,with,be,associated,with,是固定搭配,意为,“,与,有关,”,。,2,.(2020,全国,语篇填空,)The artist was finally humbled(,谦卑,)by the greatest artist,earth,Mother Nature.,on,on,earth,为固定搭配,意为,“,在世界上,”,。,-,3,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3,.(,2019,全国,语篇填空,)Modern methods,tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.,of/for,该空前面是名词,methods,后面是动词,-ing,形式,故应填介词。可以用,of,表示所属关系,也可填,for,。,4,.(,2018,全国,语篇填空,)I was searching,these three western lowland gorillas I,d been observing.,for,句意,:,我在寻找我一直在观察的这三只西部低地大猩猩。,search,for,是固定搭配,意为,“,寻找,”,。,-,4,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,5,.(,2017,全国,语篇填空,)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and,work.,from,根据前面的,to,可知,这里填,from,。,to,and,from,work“,上下班,”,。,6,.(,2017,全国,语篇填空,)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree,engineering or architecture.,in,get,a,degree,in.,为固定搭配,意为,“,取得,学位,”,故用介词,in,。,-,5,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.in,用在表示年份、季节、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前,;on,用在表示某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前,;at,用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的名词前。,We will have a meeting,at,8 o,clock,in,the morning,on,Sunday.,我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。,-,6,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,2,.for,后接,“,一段时间,”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用,;during,表示,“,在,期间,”;through,表示,“,一直,自始至终,”,。,The new boy looked at the teacher,for,a few seconds.,这个新来的,男孩,子,看,了老师几秒钟。,I went to France,during,the summer holiday.,暑假期间我去了法国。,They worked hard,through,the winter.,整个冬天他们都在努力工作,。,-,7,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,3,.from,since,from,表示时间的起点,意为,“,从,”,多用于,“from.to/till.”,中,;since,表示,“,自从,以来,”,。,I have been waiting here,from,morning till noon.,我在这里从早上,等到中午,。,Great changes have taken place in our school,since,Dec.,2015.,自从,2015,年,12,月以来,我们学校发生了很大变化。,注意,for,和,since,都常与完成时连用,但,for,接时间段,since,接时间点。如,for,two,hours(,持续,),两小时,;since,last,week,从上周直到现在。,-,8,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,4,.before,by,till,until,before,指,“,在,之前,”,与,after,相对。,by,指,“,不迟于,到,时为止,在,以前,”,by,后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用,;by,后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。,till/until,表示,“,直到,为止,”,在肯定句中,till/until,必须与延续性动词连用,;,在否定句中,till/until,常与非延续性动词连用。,Please,come,before,ten o,clock.,请在十点钟以前回来。,September 30 is the day,by,which you must pay your bill.,在,9,月,30,日之前,你必须支付账单。,You must wait for him,till/until,tomorrow.,你必须一直等他到明天。,-,9,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,5,.after,in,after+,一段时间,:,表示,“,在,之后,”,用于一般过去时,;,但当,after,后跟时间点时,可用于各种时态。,in+,一段时间,:,表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用,;,但表示,“,在,之内,”,时,可用于各种时态。,After,eight it began to rain.,八点后开始下雨。,Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves,in,half an hour.,简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时内就发车了。,-,10,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.on,意为,“,在,的上面,”;over,意为,“,在,(,垂直,),的正上方,”;above,意为,“,在,(,不一定垂直,),的上方,”;under,意为,“,在,(,垂直,),的正下方,”;below,意为,“,在,(,不一定垂直,),的下方,”;near,意为,“,在,附近,”;next to,意为,“,紧挨着,”;round/around,意为,“,在,周围,”;by,意为,“,在,旁边,”;along,表示沿着街、路、河岸等,;across,主要表示从某物的表面,“,横过,”,涉及,“,面,”,的概念,;past,意为,“,从,旁经过,”;up,表示向上,由南到北,由西到东,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市,反之则用,down;through,指从某物的内部,“,穿过,”;over,指,“,越过,”,某一障碍物,。,-,11,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across,deserts,through,valleys and,over,mountains until at last it reaches the sea.,长城从西蜿蜒东下,穿过荒漠,和,山谷,、,翻越高山,直到最后到达大海。,2,.,表示两者的位置关系时,in,表示,“,在同一区域内或同一范围内,”;on,表示,“,接壤,相邻,”;to,表示,“,相离,相隔,”,两者不属同一范围,也不接壤。,The beautiful city is,in,China.,这,座,美丽,的城市在中国。,-,12,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.at,表示,“,以,速度,以,价格,”,。,He bargained with the assistant,trying to get this bicycle,at,a low price.,他和店员讨价还价,试图便宜买下这辆自行车。,2,.for,表示,“,用,交换,以,为代价,”,。,He sold his car,for,500 dollars.,他以五百美元把车卖了。,3,.by,表示,“,按,计算,”,后跟度量单位。接具体单位时,该名词前用定冠词,the;,接具体度量名词时,该名词前不加冠词。,They are paid,by,the day.,他们按天计算报酬。,-,13,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.by,表示用某种方式,多用于交通。如,by bus,乘公共汽车,by e-mail,通过电子邮件。,注意,表示搭乘交通工具用,by,时,名词前不加冠词,;,用,in,时,名词前要加冠词。请比较,:,I went there,by,car/in a car.,我乘汽车去那里。,2,.with,表示,“,用某种具体工具、身体的某部分或器官,”,。,We speak,with,our mouths.,我们用嘴说话。,注意,with,表示用某种工具时,名词前必须用冠词,或,形容词性,物主,代词。,-,14,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,3,.in,表示用某种材料或语言。,Please speak,in,English and write,in,ink.,请用英语说并用墨水写。,4,.through,表示,“,以,(,方法、手段,),经由,”,后面多接抽象名词。,You can only achieve success,through,hard work.,只有通过努力工作,你才能获得成功。,-,15,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,besides,表示包含,“,除,之外还有,”,。,except,表示排除,“,除,之外,”,指整体里面排除部分,后面可接代词、副词、介词短语,还可接,that,从句或,wh-,从句。,but,表示排除,多与,nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all,who,等连用,其后可以接不定式。,except for,表示,“,除,之外,”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。,apart from,表示,“,此外,除,之外还有,”,时,相当于,besides/as well as;,表示,“,撇开,来说,除去,”,时,相当于,except(for),。,in addition to,表示,“,除,之外还有,”,相当于,besides,。,-,16,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,Apart,from,going shopping,the old lady likes walking,except,when it rains.,天不下雨时,这位老太太除了购物还喜欢散步。,It is a beautiful city,except,for,its traffic.,除了交通问题,它是一座美丽的城市。,-,17,-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,三,二,四,五,七,六,八,九,十,1,.for,表示原因,常与,sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame,等词连用。,The Smiths are praised,f