Click to edit Master title style,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Physical Development and Health Duringthe First Three Years,Chapter Six,Physical Development and Heal,Guideposts for Study,1.How Do Babies Grow,and How and What Should They Be Fed?,2.How Does the Brain Develop,and How Do Environmental Factors affect Its Early Growth?,Guideposts for Study1.How Do,Guideposts for Study,3.How Do the Senses Develop During Infancy?,4.What are some early millstone in motor development and what are some influence on it?,5.How Can We Enhance Babies Chances of Survival and Health?,Guideposts for Study3.How Do,Growth and Nutrition,Children grow faster during the first 3 years of life,especially during the first few months than they ever will again.,Growth and NutritionChildren g,Growth and Nutrition,Patterns of Growth,By 5 months average baby boy will double weight to 7 kg.,By 1 year his weight will triple to 10kg.,Growth and NutritionPatterns o,Growth and Nutrition,Recap from chapter 4,Cephalocaudal,principle,Growth occurs from top down,Proximodistal principle,Growth occurs from the center of the body outward,Growth and NutritionRecap from,Growth and Nutrition,Nourishment,Breastfeeding:Benefits and Cautions,Encouraging Breastfeeding,Babies prefer sweet taste,Growth and NutritionNourishmen,Growth and Nutrition,Nutritional concerns,Many parents do not follow the guidelines given by pediatric experts,Overweight infants are a concern,Growth and NutritionNutritiona,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,Central Nervous System,Brain and spinal cord,Sensory messages travel to the brain and motor commands travel back,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,Building the Brain,Major parts of the brain,Brain stem,Cerebellum,Lateralization,Corpus callosum,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,Building the Brain,Cerebral hemisphere,Occipital lobe,Parietal lobe,Temporal lobe,Frontal lobe,Cerebral cortex,Regions govern vision,hearing,and other sensory information,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,Parts of the Brain,side view.,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,Building the Brain,Brain cells,Neurons,Axons,Dendrites,Synapses,Neurotransmitters,Glia cells,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,Building the Brain,As neurons multiply,migrate,and develop connections.they undergo,Integration,Differentiation,Cell death,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,Myelination,Myelin,a fatty insulating substance,begins about halfway through gestation in some parts of the brain and continues into adulthood in others,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,Growth of Neural connections during the first 2 years of life.,There is an increase in brain density and weight;due to the formation of dendrites,extensions of nerve cell bodies and the synapses that link them.,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,Early Reflexes,Automatic,innate responses to stimulation,Primitive,Sucking,rooting,and Moro,Postural,Locomotor,Walking,swimming,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,Wiring the Brain!,Development of neural connections before and after birth.,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,Molding the Brain:The Role of Experience,Plasticity,Formative period vulnerability,Hazardous drugs,Environmental toxins,Maternal stress,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,LEFT:,A PET scan of a normal childs brain shows regions of high(red)and low(blue and black)activity.,RIGHT:,A PET scan of the brain of a Romanian Orphan institutionalized after birth,show little activity.,The Brain and Reflex Behaviour,Early Sensory Capacities,Touch and Pain,First sense to develop,Develops in the womb,Smell and Taste,Preference of pleasant odours in utero,“Sweet tooth”,Early Sensory CapacitiesTouch,Early Sensory Capacities,Hearing,Functional before birth,Recognition of voices and language can occur in the womb,Sight,Least developed at birth,Underdeveloped structures,Binocular vision develops at 4 to 5 months,Early Sensory CapacitiesHearin,Motor Development,Milestones of Motor Development,Simple skills,Systems of action,Pincer grip,Denver Developmental Screening Test,Gross motor skills,Fine motor skills,Motor DevelopmentMilestones of,Motor Development,Milestones of Motor Development,Head control,Fully controllable at 4 months,Hand control,At 7 to 11 months can pick up a tiny object,Locomotion,Self-locomotion,Motor DevelopmentMilestones of,Motor Development,Motor Development and Perception,Visual guidance,Depth Perception,Three dimensions,Haptic perception,Ability to acquire information by handling objects rather than