单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,名 词,名词是表示人或物的名称的词。,名词可以分为两大类：普通名词和专有名词,一 普通名词：个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词,二 专有名词：是指地点、人、组织、机构等名词。,如：,China,Tom,the Great Wall,等。,三 可数名词和不可数名词,凡是可计数的名词叫可数名词，反之叫不可数名词。,个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。但有些词如,news bread chalk rice medicine paper rice fruit work homework,等在汉语上是可数名词，但在英语上不可数名词。,一般情况词尾,+s book,s,pencil,s,a.,以,s,x,，,ch,，,sh,结尾的,+,es,bus,es,，,box,es,，,watch,es,，,brush,es,b.,以辅音,+y,结尾的，把,y,改成,i+es,city cit,ies,familyfamil,ies,但是元音,+y,结尾的，直接,+s,boy,s,，,key,s,c.,以,f,，,fe,结尾的把,f,，,fe,改为,v,，,再加,es,life li,ves,knife kni,ves,考点一 可数名词的复数变化,特殊,：除,potato,es,tomato,es,hero,es,negro,es,外，,所有以,o,结尾的单词,+s,radio,s,zoo,s,photo,s,（总之，有生命的名词直接加,es,，无生命的名词直接加,s),a.manm,e,n woman-wom,e,n,特殊：,German-German,s,（,德国人）,b.tooth-t,ee,th foot-f,ee,t,牙齿 脚,c.child-child,ren,mouse-,mice,小孩 老鼠,2.,特殊变化的名词,d.,单数，复数一样,Chinese,，,Japanese,，,fish,sheep,deer,中国人 日本人 鱼 绵羊,Eg,.a sheep,，,two sheep,，,many sheep,e.,只有复数形式,people,，,clothes,，,trousers,，,glasses,人们 衣服 裤子 眼镜,注意：,many people,许多人,56 peoples 56,个民族,f.,有的单词虽然是,s,结尾，但是,不可数名词,news physics,maths,grass glass,新闻 物理 数学 草 玻璃,Eg,.,Maths,is,a useful language.,Grass,is,green in spring.,g.,有的名词表示个体时,用复数,.,表示集体时,用单数,.,family,police,team,group,class,等,Eg,:My,family,is,very happy.,My,family,are,watching TV.,h.,两个名词在一起，表示复数时，,一般只变后面那个名词,apple trees/boy students /girl players,特殊：,(1),当名词和,man,，,woman,连用时，,要单都单，要复都复。,a,m,a,n doctor some,m,e,n doctor,s,a,wom,a,n teacher some,wom,e,n teacher,s,(2),当,sport,做定语时，一定用复数形式。,a,sport,s,meeting ten sport,s,meeting,s,a,sport,s,car nine sport,s,car,s,不可数名词,（不可以计数，前面不可以有定冠词和数词，没有复数形式）,eg,.a water some foods,a money three moneys,(,)(,),(,)(,),考点二,不可数名词的量,不可数名词如果要表示可数必须与量词连用，,常用词有：,a piece of,一张,/,块,/,则,a bottle of,一瓶,a cup of,一杯,a glass of,一,玻璃杯,eg,.a piece of paper,a bottle of water,three piece,s,of bread,Ex:,一杯牛奶,两瓶橙汁,三则新闻,四张纸,五块面包,a cup of milk,two bottle,s,of orange,three piece,s,of news,four piece,s,of paper,five piece,s,of bread,考点三,名词所有格,一、有生命的名词所有格 ：,s +,名词 “的”,a.,当名词不是,s,结尾时，用 ,s(,单数名词的所有格）,Lucys hair /my mothers bag,lucy,的头发,/,我妈妈的袋子,b.,当名词是,s,结尾时，则用,s,（复数名词的所有格）,students reading room,学生们的阅览室,workers club,工人俱乐部,注意：,Womens Day,妇女节,Childrens Day,儿童节,Teachers Day,教师节,c.,表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，加,s,构,成所有格,five minutes walk=a five-minute walk,eight miles journey=an 8-mile journey,d.,双重所有格,:of+,名词所有格,/of+,名词性的物,主代词,a friend,of,mine,an old photo,of,my fathers.,e.,共同所有格与个体所有格：共有的东西,所有格,也共有,;,分开的东西,所有格也分开,.,Shes Tom and Jims mother.(,同一个母亲,),Theyre Toms and Jims mothers.(,各自的母亲,),二、表示无生命的名词所有格 用“,of“,教室的门,the door of the classroom,山顶,the top of the hill,树叶,the leaves of the tree,考点四 名词的用法,名词做主语时与谓语一致的几种特殊情况：,physics,news,maths,虽已,s,结尾，但在意义上是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式。,Physics is his,favourite,subject.,时间、价格、距离、度量,单位等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,Five minutes is enough to do this.,c.,pants/trousers,、,shoes,、,glasses,等数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但当其前有,a pair of,、,a kind of,时。谓语动词视,pair,、,kind,等,而定。,How much are the pants?,This pair of glasses is$100.,family class team,等集体名词若强调整体 时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体,谓语动词用复数。,His family is going to move.,My family are having supper now.,1.I want to buy _.,A.two bottles of milk B.two bottle of milk,C.two bottle of milks D.two bottles of milks,2.They dont have to do _ today.,A.much homework B.many,homeworks,C.many homework D.much,homeworks,3.The _ of machine made us feel sick.,A.voice B.noise,C.sound D.noises,4.The blouse is made of _.,A.a wool B.these wood,C.wools D.wool,5.There are three _ and seven _ in the picture.,A.cows,sheeps,B.cows,sheep,C.cow,sheep D.cow,sheeps,6.June 1 is _.,A.childrens day B.childrens Day,C.Childrens Day D.Childrens day,7._ room is next to their parents.,A.Kates and Joans B.Kates and Joan,C.Kate and Joans D.Kate and Joan,8.Miss Green is a friend of _.,A.Marys mothers B.Marys mother,C.Mary mothers D.mothers of Mary,9.Tom is _.He will come to see me.,A my a friend B.a friend,C.mine friend D.a friend of mine,10.Sheep _ white and milk _ also white.,A.is,are B.are,is,C.is,is D.are,are,11.Id like to have a glass of milk and _.,A.two breads B.two pieces of breads,C.two pieces of bread D.two piece of bread,12.Its a long _ to Paris.Its two thousand kilometers.,A.street B.road,C.way D.end,13.Many _ are singing over there.,A woman B.women,C.girl D.child,14.He bought _.,A.two pairs of shoes B.two pair of shoes,C.two pairs of shoe D.two pair of shoe,15.Mr.White has three _.,A.child B.children,C.,childs,D.,childrens,16.Beijing is one of the biggest _ in the world.,A.,citys,B.city,C.,cityes,D.cities,17.-Wheres Mr.White?-Hes in _.,A.the room 202 B.Room 202,C.the Room 202 D.room 202,18.Shops,hospitals and schools are all _.,A.places B.homes,C.rooms D.buildings,19.Every morning Mr.Smith takes a _ to his office.,A.20 minutes walks B.20 minutes walk,C.20-minutes walk D.20-minute walk,20.-Are these _?-No,they arent.Theyre _.,A.sheep,cows B.sheep,cow,C.,sheeps,cow D.,sheeps,cows,21.There are many _ in the fridge.,A.fish B.fruit,C.eggs D.bread,22.-Whose room is this?-Its _.,A.Li Ming B.Li Mings,C.Li,Mings,D.Li,Mings,23.Here are _ for you,S