单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/11/3,#,动词的时态、语态和主谓一致,1,动词的时态、语态和主谓一致1,1.,一般现在时,（,1,）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态,常与,always,，,usually,，,often,，,sometimes,，,everyday,，,onceaweek,，,yearly,每年，,monthly,每月，等时间状语或频率副词连用。,时 态,(do,does),构成形式,The train for Shenzhen _(leave)at 8 every morning.,leaves,2,1.一般现在时（1）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态常与al,在,when,as soon as,before,after,until,if,等引导的,时间状语,或,条件状语从句,，谓语动词是将来时通常用一般现在时代替。,（,2,）,用于状语从句代替一般将来时,If he succeeds(succeed),he will be the hero of human beings.,“,主将从现,”,3,（2）用于状语从句代替一般将来时If he succeeds,（,3,）表示人的“观点”“看法”“建议”“态度”“评价”等词、“活动的目的”以及客观事实时，常用一般现在时。,A good medicine _(taste)bitter.,Our geography teacher told us that the earth _(go),around the sun,.,tastes,goes,4,（3）表示人的“观点”“看法”“建议”“态度”“评价,2.,一般过去时,表示,过去某一时间点,发生的动作或所处的状态,.,构成形式,did,注意：,一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用,.,如,:yesterday,last night,two days(months,weeks)ago,in 1996,the other day,也常和,when,if,等引导的状语从句连用,.,When he was young,Mr.Li often _(go)to evening schools.,He telephoned me to say that he wouldnt come if it _(rain)the next day.,went,rained,5,2.一般过去时 表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态.,3.,一般将来时,构成形式：,will/shall+,动词原形,用法：,表示,将要,发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语,.,如,tomorrow,next week/month/year,等连用,.,Next month we _(have)an important exam.,will have,6,3.一般将来时构成形式：will/shall+动词原形,常用结构,与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。,If he comes,I will tell(tell)you.,用于“,祈使句,+and+,陈述句,”中,.,Work hard,and,you,will,succeed(succeed).,7,常用结构与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。If he com,4.,现在进行时,表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。常与,now,at the moment,when,等连用。,Dont make so much noise.He _(sleep).,Nobody knows for sure what she _(think)about now.,用法：,构成形式：,am/is/are+,现在分词,(v.+ing),is sleeping,is thinking,8,4.现在进行时 表示说话的此刻正在进,5.,过去进行时,用法：,表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。,was/were+,现在分词,(v-ing),构成形式：,常用句型：,was/were doing when,was,/were about to do when,It _(rain)and cold when we went out to eat.,Terry and his wife were tidying up their new home busily _ the light suddenly went out.,I was about to go out _ the telephone rang.,was raining,when,when,9,5.过去进行时用法：表示过去某一时刻正在进,6.,现在完成时,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作,对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。常连用的副词或介词短语有：,already,just,yet,ever,never,so far,recently,lately,of late,in the past/last few years,since+,时间,for+,时间段,.,构成形式：,用法：,助动词,have/has+,动词的过去分词,10,6.现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造,So far,it has turned(turn)the most influential,student activity in the world.,Since then,J.K.Rowling has become(become)the,Most popular writer among children in the world.,11,So far,it has turned(turn)t,易错点：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：,1),现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是,对现在造成的影响或结果,，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。,简言之，,利用过去，说明现在,。,12,易错点：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：12,According to,the latest news,Amys 17-year-old elder,daughter has been accepted(accept)by both Harvard,and Yale University.,The publication of the book has,aroused(arouse)a,discussion on,which is the better way of educating,the Chinese way or the American way.,13,According to the latest news,2),一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用,，,简言之,，仅谈过去，不关现在。,Last year,I went(go)to Germany.,He has,been(be),to Germany.,14,2)一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可,7.,过去完成时,用法,:,表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，即：,过去的过去,。,构成形式,:,had+,过去分词,15,7.过去完成时用法:构成形式:,常用以下几种方式：,用,by,/up to+,过去的时间,Up to/By 2013,about 4000 meetings had taken(take),place in over 50 countries throughout the world.,16,常用以下几种方式：Up to/By 2013,abou,常用以下几种方式：,用,when,before,after,等引导的时间状语从句。,When I got to the railway station,the train had left,(leave).,Before I came to school,he had come(come).,17,常用以下几种方式：When I got to the ra,两个动词动作的先后。,(2013,高考 语法填空,),Suddenly,he found that he,_(,run)out of salt.,Nicks guests,who _(hear)their conversation,asked why they shouldnt buy.,had run,had heard,18,两个动词动作的先后。had runhad heard,8.,过去将来时,用法：,表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中,.,构成形式：,(2012,高考 语法填空,)All the other students wondered what the boy _(do).,(2008,高考 语法填空,)One day,he came up with an idea that he _(pluck)up all of his crops a few inches.,would do,would pluck,would/should+,动词原形,19,8.过去将来时用法：表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在,1.It is the fourth time that Mike,(travel)to China.,2.He,(not finish)the work by the end of last month.,3.LiMing,(know)him since then.,4.I,(receive)a letter from my brother last night.,5.We,(be)to London many times before we left England.,6.How long,you,(learn)English by the end of this term?,has travelled,hadnt finish,has known,received,had,been,will have learnt,20,1.It is the fourth time that M,7.He,(,live)in this city since he,(leave)his,hometown.,When did he,(leave)there?,He,there three years ago.,8.His father,(be)in the Party for years.,When,he,(join)the Party?,He,(join)the Party in 1996.,9.It,(rain)for such a long time!,When,it,(rain)?,It,(rain)3 hours ago.,10.I,(hope)to be back last night,but I,(not catch)the train.,has lived,left,leave,left,has been,did join,joined,has rained,did rain,rained,had hoped,didnt catch,21,7.He (live),语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。,语 态,一般来说，,主动语态由主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,+,其他成分构成；主语是动作的执行者；而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,它的结构形式是：,_.,be+p.p.(,过去分词,),22,语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。语,主动语态变成被动语态,:,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语结构,宾语提前,(,若宾语是代词,要将宾格转换成主格。后,面相同,),加上,be,动词的正确形式和该谓语动词的,过,去分词,形式再加上,by,和主语。,即：,宾语,+