单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,*,现在完成时,The Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tens,1,一、构成,:,have,/,has,+,动词,过去分词,一、构成:have/has+动词过去分词,2,二、含义,:,(,定义一,),表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果,.,它强调的是,过去的动作同现在的联系,.,常用的时间状语有,already,yet,ever,never,just,before,等,.,(定义一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.,3,句式构成,1.,肯定句,:,S(,主语）,+,have/has(,助动词）,+PP(,过去分词,),+(,其他）。,句式构成1.肯定句:S(主语）+have/has(助动词）+,4,2.,否定句,:,S(,语,)+have/has+,not,+PP(,过去分词,)+(,其他）。,2.否定句:S(语)+have/has+not+PP,5,3.,一般疑问句,Have/has+,S(,主语,)+PP(,过去分词,)?,Yes,S+,have/has,.,No,S+,have/hasnt,.,3.一般疑问句Have/has+S(主语)+PP(过去分,6,（,改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答,),I have seen him,since his wedding day.,I havent seen him since his wedding day.,Have you seen,him since his wedding day?,（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答)I have see,7,He has written to me since I have been ill.(,改为一般疑问句,),Has he written,to you since you have been ill?,He,hasnt written to me since I have been ill,He has written to me since I h,8,不规则动词原型,-,过去式,-,过去分词形式：,1,）,AAA,型,(,三种都一样,),如：,cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set,2,）,ABB,型,(,过去式与过去分词相同,),如,:,bring-brought-brought,catch caught caught lead led led,不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式：1）AAA型(三种都,9,3,）,ABC,型,(,三种都不一样,),如：,begin-began-begun,grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken,4,）,ABA,型,(,原形与过去分词相同,),如,:,come-came-come,become became become run ran run,3）ABC型(三种都不一样),10,1.,现在完成时中标志词的用法区别,1.Already,肯定句,:,句中,(,助后实前,)/,句末“,己经,”,一般疑问句,:,句末,(,表示惊讶的语气,)“,难道,”,Eg.Ive,already,had breakfast.(,更常见,),=Ive had breakfast,already,.(,表示强调,),Have you had breakfast,already,?,1.现在完成时中标志词的用法区别1.Already一般疑问,11,注,:,有,already,的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词,.,Eg.Shes already eighty years old.,It was already very late.,注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断,12,2.,yet,在现在完成时中的用法,否定句,:,句末“,还,(,没,),”,疑问句,:,句末,“,己经,”,Eg.I havent had breakfast,yet,.,Have you had breakfast,yet,?,2.yet在现在完成时中的用法 否定句:句末“还(没)”,13,注,:,带,already,的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将,already,要变成,yet,放在句末,.,Eg.I have,already,done my homework.,否定句,:,一般疑问句,:,I havent done my homework,yet,.,Have you done your homework,yet,?,注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将alr,14,3.,ever,在现在完成时中的用法,肯定句,/,疑问句,:,句中,“,曾经,”,Eg.Ive,ever,been to Beijing.,Have you,ever,been to Beijing?,肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”Eg.Ive ev,15,4.,never,在现在完成时中的用法,否定句,:,句中“,从来没有,”,Eg.Ive,never,been to Beijing.,4.never在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句中“从来没,16,注,:,带,ever,的肯定句变否定句时,要将,ever,变成,never;,带,ever,的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“,No,never.”,Eg.He has,ever,made dumplings.,否定句,:,Have they ever travelled by train?,No,never.,He has,never,made dumplings.,注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成nev,17,5.,just,在现在完成时中的用法,用于,句中,表示“,刚刚,”,Eg.Ive,just,had breakfast.,What have they,just,done?,5.just在现在完成时中的用法用于句中,表示“刚刚”,18,6.,before,在现在完成时中的用法,用于,句末,表示“,以前,”,Eg.Ive seen it,before,.,Has she ridden a bike,before,?,6.before在现在完成时中的用法用于句末,表示“以前,19,(,定义二,),表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态,.,通常和,for,或,since,引导的时间状语连用,.,20,1.,for,+,Eg.I have been here,for,5 weeks.,Hes studied English,for,3 years.,一段时间,1.for+Eg.I have been here fo,21,2.,since,+,从句,(,一般过去时,),词组,(,表示过去某一时间的,),时间点,Eg.I have been here,since 2000.,I have been here,since 5 years ago,.,I have been here,since I graduated in 2000,.,2.since+从句(一般过去时)词组(表示过去某一,22,注,:,对,for,或,since,引导的时间状语提问 必须用,how long,绝不能用,when.,Eg.I have lived here,for 10 years,.,How long,have you lived here?,She has stood here,since 2 hour ago,.,How long,has she stood here?,注:对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how,23,注,3),:,短暂性动词不能和,for,或,since,引导的时间状语连用,当然也不能用于,how long,引导的问句中,.,Eg.(,误,)I have,left,there for 5 years.,(,正,)I have,been away,there for 5 years.,注3):短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连,24,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,25,5.,短暂动词和,延续动词转换,瞬间性动词,延续性动词,buy,borrow,come,go/leave,open/close,begin/start,end/finish,die,catch a cold,become interested in,get married,have,keep,be here,be away(from),be open/be closed,be on,be over,be dead,have a cold,be interested in,be married,5.短暂动词和瞬间性动词延续性动词buyborrowcome,26,瞬间性动词,延续性动词,put on,get up,wake up,fall asleep,join,arrive/reach,wear,be up,be,awake,be asleep,be in=be a member of,be in/at,瞬间性动词延续性动词put onget upwake upf,27,have/has been to,，,have/has gone to,，,have/has been in,的用法区别,1“,Have/has been to+,地名,”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与,once,、,twice,、,ever,、,never,等时间连用。,2“,have/has gone to+,地名,”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点,。,3“,have/has been in+,地名,”表示“在某地”。指一种存在状态,巧记：,been to,，,gone to been in,意不同，三者用法要记清；,have,/has,been to+,地名，曾经到过某地行；,have,/has,gone to+,地点，到某地去了已走远。,have/has been in+,地名，已经在某地了。,have/has been to，have/has,28,Since,句式：,It is+,一段时间,+,since+,句子,(,一般过去时,),=,一段时间,+has passed,+since+,句子,(,一般过去时,),Eg.It is five years since I joined the army.,=Five years has passed since I joined the army.,Since句式：Eg.It is five years s,29,（一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或,30,He has lived in Beijing since 1999.,自,1999,年以来他一直住在北京。,（说明他现在仍然在北京。）,He lived in Bejing in 1999.,在,1999,年的时候他在北京住过。,（现在是否住在北京不知道）,He has lived in Beijing s