,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,合译法与分译法,2,合译法,汉译英的合译法,英译汉的分译法,*,两个或两个以上汉语句子合译成一个句子,*,将汉语的复句译成英文单句,3,1,、词汇、短语的合译,英文中很多单词，特别是副词、形容词包含多层含义，在英译汉中需要分译，但在汉译英时就可以对汉语进行结构整合，一个单词往往就可以代替汉语的一个短句。,他对自己所取得的成就充满自豪，这也不是没有道理的。,He is,justifiably,proud of his achievement.,4,2,、汉语的几个句子中主语一致时，常把其中的单句变成状语，或几个并列分句。,中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护。,As,a major developing country with a long coastline,China attaches great important to marine development and protection,.,湖中有十来枝荷花。荷花上清水滴滴，荷叶上水珠滚来滚去,。,Crystal drops were dropping from a dozen lotus in the lake,while,beads of water rolled about the leaves.,5,3,、描述性的多个汉语单句，,合并零散的短句,门口放着一堆雨伞，,少说也有,12,把,，,五颜六色，大小不一。,In the doorway lay,at least twelve,umbrellas of,all sizes and colors.,6,4,、把握译文要点，分清主次信息，化零为整。,对比：英译汉分译法多“分散解决”,这种床工艺先进，结构新颖，造型美观，款式多样。,The technological design of this bed cushion is advanced with novel structure beautiful shape and various patterns.,原并列结构，变成一个单句。,7,5,、抓住句子重心，将主要信息译成英文主句，其余部分用分词、动名词、不定式、,独立主格,、介词短语翻译。,黄河正在他的全部视野下疾驰而下，满河映着红色。,The Yellow River,stretching,across his whole field of vision,rushing,along,its entire surface reflecting red.,英译汉分译法,单词分译,短语分译,句子分译,词义分译,分译简要分类：,搭配分译,灵活对等分译,突出语言重点分译,修辞需要词语分译,短语词义,短语结构,短句分译,长句分译,汉译英分译法,句子的分译,按内容层次分译,从主语变换处分译,为了强调语气而采用分译,原文出现总说或分述时要分译,从关联词（如转折）处分译,其他情况,你想到了吗？,一 按内容层次分译,首先应理解原文层次，弄清所包含的层次的意思以及各层次关系。,例如：,中日两国是近邻，只隔一衣带水，我们两国关系已有一千多年历史。,译：China and Japan are close neighbors separated,by just a strip of water.|The relations between our two countries have a history of more than 1000 years.,分析,：,这句话有两层意思,，一是中日两国一衣带水的近邻关系，二是，两国悠久的历史。,两大分句本身意义完整，可以单独成句。,back,第二，从主语变换处分译,如果原文有主语变换，就可以从变换处分译,。,例如：,她隔窗望去，突然发现一只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫在睡觉。,译：looking through the window,she suddenly spotted a boat mooring to the bank.,|,In it there was a boatman fast asleep.,分析:,原文由两层含义,，前两个分句描述她向外望，看到小船，两者共用一个主语“她”，最后一个分句是说船夫在睡觉，,主语变成了船夫。,back,第三，从关联词（如转折）处分译,例如：,声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减，但不受气压的影响。,The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls slightly with a decrease in temperature.,|,It is not affected by the pressure of the air.,分析：,转折前后句意较为完整可以分译，另起一句。,back,第四，原文出现总说或分述时要分译,当原文出现分述与概括句子时，要么是先概括再分述要么是先分述再概括，都可以在分述与概括之间进行分译。,例如：,不晓得季节与结婚有什么关系，但是从初冬到春天结婚的人数比其他季节多了很多，也许就是所谓的结婚季节吧。,Dont know what relation exists between the season and marriage，but the number of marriages is much greater from early winter to spring than in other seasons.Maybe this is the season of marriage people usually call.,分析：,原句中先分说再总述总述时，另起一句。,back,第五，为了强调语气而采用分译,带有明显的强调语势可以采用分译法,例如：,我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一，有关的政策，也是众所周知和不会改变的，并且正在深入全中华民族的心坎。（邓小平文选第三卷）,We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory.|Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change.|The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.,分析：,本句语气较为强硬，拆成分句增强了气势。,back,第六,其他情况（一）,看句末是否有疑问句或感叹句,如果句末有疑问句或感叹句，就可以采用分译把它们译成独立的句子,例如,：（,1,）,该承认，每个民族都有它的长处，,不然他为什麽存在？,It must be admitted that every nation has its strong points.,If not,how can it survive,?,（,2,）,你们这些调皮的家伙，这儿用不着你们，,滚开,You naughty boys are not wanted,there.Get along with you.,分析：“滚开”是感叹句，是断句的明显标志,第六,其他情况（二）,除了上述几种情况外，我们会发现有时分句之间并没有明显的结构标识，如关联词等。在这种情况下，就需要观察分句之间的,内在逻辑关系,，以此,判断,句内,有几层含义,，然后再进行分译。,例如：,园内有亭台楼阁，有池塘和假山，景点超过,40,个，,每天至少有一万人在园内浏览。,With pavilions,halls,towers,ponds and rockeries,it has more than 40 scenic spots,.,At,least 10 000 people visit the garden every day.,分析：前三个分句介绍园内景点，最后一句介绍游客，两者在语义上似乎是并列关系，构成两层意思。,第六,其他情况（三）,在翻译实践中何时采用分译法是一个错综复杂的问题，这里提出的只是几种方法，,运用起来要根据具体情况灵活变通。,例如：,耳朵是用来听声音的器官，鼻子用来嗅气味，舌头用来尝滋味。,采用分译法：,The ear is the organ which is used for hearing.The nose is used for smelling.The tongue is used for tasting.,未采用分译法：,The ear is the organ for hearing,the nose for smelling and the tongue for tasting.,分析：有时不用分译法，可以使译文更加简洁明了,第六,其他情况（四）,再有，在通常情况下，,汉语的长句需要分译,，但也不能一概而论，,有时原文是长句，译文也是长句。,例如：在考古学家看来，,/,只有生活在水中或者近水而生的动植物才最有可能使他们的尸体得以保存，,/,因为保存的必要条件之一是迅速埋葬，,/,而且这些尸体之类的东西也唯有在海洋、江河、湖泊中才能被迅速地掩埋而保存起来，因为那里的泥沙是不停的淤积着。,/,From the view point of an archaeologist,/,it is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved,/,for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial,/,and it is only in the seas,rivers and lakes,where mud and silt have been continuously deposited,that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.,/,分析：原文长，译文也长，但译文并没有因此而损坏原文的含义。,有一天，一位非常要好的女朋友来探望我，我知道她平素最喜欢花花草草了，临别时我说，采一束玫瑰点缀你的闺房吧，保证十里飘香。,女友轻轻跨进花园，东闻闻，西嗅嗅，神采飞扬，就是不肯采摘。我说没关系，多的是，我又不是花店老板，也不会靠玫瑰赚钱的。说完我就举起尖刀准备献美。女友急忙拦住，高声叫着不可不可。,这么美丽的玫瑰剪下来，让人心疼。她紧抓着我的袖子叮嘱：千万不能剪啊，玫瑰是泥土的微笑，谁忍心杀戮美得醉人的微笑？,