Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,For Internal Use,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,For Internal Use,DSM-5:,强迫及相关障碍,诊断标准更新的机遇与挑战,DSM-5:强迫及相关障碍 诊断标准更新的机遇与挑战,主要内容,强迫谱系障碍分类价值,强迫障碍的分类地位,强迫及相关障碍的分类,强迫及相关障碍的诊断标准,主要内容强迫谱系障碍分类价值,强迫障碍,(OCD),:焦虑问题,强迫观念:带来焦虑;,强迫行为:可缓解焦虑;,OCD,共病其他焦虑障碍:如单纯恐惧,22%,,社交恐惧,18%,,惊恐障碍,12%,;,OCD,属于焦虑障碍。,Marks I:Fears,Phobias and Rituals:Panic,Anxiety,and Their Disorders.New York,Oxford University Press,1987,Robert E,et al.Aamerican psychiatric publishing textbook of psychiatry.American Psychiatric Publishing,Inc.,2008,这些发现,反映,OCD,和其他焦虑障碍具有共同的病因学基础。,强迫障碍(OCD):焦虑问题强迫观念:带来焦虑;Marks,强迫障碍的,临床现象学研究,与其它焦虑障碍比较,强迫障碍主要有:,OCD,起病早,OCD,男性起病更早,OCD,慢性病程,OCD,共病,OCRD,高,其它焦虑障碍如惊恐障碍低,治疗反应不同,抗焦虑药物包括,BDZ,对,OCD,缺乏疗效,Hollander E,et al.Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders:refining the research agenda for DSM-V.American Psychiatric Association,2011,对强迫障碍及其相关障碍的现象学研究,支持修订强迫障碍的概念,从焦虑障碍中独立出来。,OCRD,:,Obsessive-compulsive related disorders:,抽动障碍、,BDD,、拔毛发,癖,、抠(揭)皮,等,强迫障碍的临床现象学研究与其它焦虑障碍比较,强迫障碍主要有:,强迫及相关障碍神经生物学研究,越来越多证据表明,皮质纹状体环路异常即皮质纹状体介导控制,(,corticostriatally mediated control,),和犒赏系统,(,reward systems,),在,OCD,的病理生理机制起重要作用,发病机制解释从学习理论转移(关注基地神经节调节异常);,5-HT,假说难以全面解释,OCD,的病因学,分子影像学和遗传学证据,,DA,功能障碍是,OCD,候选病因因素;,OCSDs(,obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders,),是原型障碍,关键特征行为(认知和运动)抑制不能。,Hollander E,et al.Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders:refining the research agenda for DSM-V.American Psychiatric Association,2011,与其他焦虑障碍比较,,OCD,神经生物学和病因学具有独特性,强迫及相关障碍神经生物学研究越来越多证据表明,皮质纹状体环路,DSM5强迫及相关障碍诊断部分ppt课件,DSM5强迫及相关障碍诊断部分ppt课件,ICD-10,:强迫障碍的分类,ICD-10,(原文),ICD-10,(中文译名),Neurotic,stress-related and somatoform disorders:,神经症性、应激相关及躯体形式障碍,:,Phobic anxiety disorders,恐怖性焦虑障碍,Other anxiety disorders,其它焦虑障碍,Obsessive-compulsive disorder,强迫障碍,Reaction to severe stress,and adjustment disorders,严重应激反应,及适应障碍,Dissociative conversion disorders,分离,(,转换,),性障碍,Somatoform disorders,躯体形式障碍,Other neurotic disorders,其它神经症性障碍,World Health Organization,,,1992,ICD-10:强迫障碍的分类ICD-10(原文)ICD-10,DSM-IV,(原文),DSM-IV,(中文译名),Anxiety Disorders:,焦虑障碍,:,Panic Disorder,惊恐障碍,Agoraphobia,广场恐惧症,Specific Phobia,特定的恐惧症,Social Phobia,社交恐惧症,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder,强迫障碍,Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,创伤后应激障碍,Acute Stress Disorder,急性应激障碍,Generalized Anxiety Disorder,广泛性焦虑障碍,Anxiety Disorder Due to.,由于,.【,指躯体情况,】,所致焦虑障碍,Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder,物质所致焦虑障碍,Anxiety Disorder NOS,其它非特定的焦虑障碍,American Psychiatric Association,1994,DSM-IV,:强迫障碍的分类,DSM-IV(原文)DSM-IV(中文译名)Anxiety,DSM,American Psychiatric Association,2013,DSMAmerican Psychiatric Associ,DSM-5,:强迫及相关障碍,DSM-5,(原文),DSM-5,(中文译名),Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders:,强迫及相关障碍:,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder,强迫障碍,Body Dysmorphic Disorder,躯体变形障碍,Hoarding Disorder,囤积,/,贮藏障碍,Trichotillomania(Hair-Pulling Disorder),拔毛发障碍,Excoriation(Skin-Picking)Disorder,抠(揭)皮障碍,Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder,物质,/,药物所致强迫及相关障碍,Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition,其他医学状况所致强迫及相关障碍,Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder,其他特定的强迫及相关障碍,Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder,非特定的强迫及相关障碍,American Psychiatric Association,2013,DSM-5:强迫及相关障碍DSM-5(原文)DSM-5(中文,DSM-5,:强迫及相关障碍分类的意义,强迫及相关障碍新类别体系的确立,,是对这些彼此相关的诊断实体的反映;,强迫及相关障碍与其它焦虑障碍有区别,,也是从临床实用的角度做出的一种调整,更好改善临床诊断效度和应用;,新增分类和诊断标准有助于临床医师更好识别、研究和治疗这些障碍。,12,DSM-5:强迫及相关障碍分类的意义强迫及相关障碍新类别体系,DSM-5,强迫及相关障碍诊断类别的变化,躯体变形障碍:,来自,DSM-IV,的,躯体形式障碍;,囤积,/,贮藏,障碍:,OCS,分类,新增诊断;,拔毛发障碍:,原拔毛发癖,(,Trichotillomania,),现称拔毛发障碍,(,Hair-Pulling Disorder,),,来自,DSM-IV,的冲动控制障碍;,抠(揭)皮障碍:,来自,DSM-IV,的冲动控制障碍,。,American Psychiatric Association,2013,DSM-5强迫及相关障碍诊断类别的变化躯体变形障碍:来自DS,DSM-5,强迫及相关障碍的,“,标注,”,问题,增加了,“,自知力,”,的标注,以更好地区分个体对强迫信念的认知情况,包括自知力良好或一般、自知力差、自知力缺乏,/,妄想性观念。,类似的自知力的特殊标注也适用于躯体变形障碍和囤积(贮藏)障碍。这些标注通过强调这两类障碍可能呈现的一系列自知力的范围,包括自知力缺乏甚至是妄想性信念,以改善相关鉴别诊断。,这一变化也强调自知力缺乏,/,妄想性信念更符合强迫及相关障碍而不是精神分裂症谱系与其它精神病性障碍。,“,抽动相关,”,的标注针对那些当前或过去有过,“,抽动,”,历史的患者,共病抽动具有重要的临床意义,无论是从诊断效度还是临床实用出发,越来越多的证据表明需要这样的区分。,DSM-5强迫及相关障碍的“标注”问题增加了“自知力”的标注,DSM-IV,:强迫障碍诊断标准,APA,1994,DSM-IV:强迫障碍诊断标准APA,1994,OCD,诊断标准:,DSM-5,APA,2013,OCD诊断标准:DSM-5APA,2013,结构:强迫观念的定义由,4,条,简化为,2,条。,描述用词:,3,处用词表达有变化。,DSM-5,:强迫障碍标准,A,的变化,American Psychiatric Association,2013,结构:强迫观念的定义由4条,简化为2条。DSM-5:强迫障,DSM-5,和,DSM-IV,:强迫观念描述用词比较,用,“,urge,”,强烈欲望、迫切要求,替代,“,impulse,”,冲动,用,“,unwanted,”,多余的、不必要的,替代,“,inappropriate,”,不适合的、不适当的,(,注:不同的文化,“,inappropriate,”,理解不一致,),用“,in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress,”,多数患者会引起显著焦虑或痛苦,替代,“,cause marked anxiety or distress,”,造成显著的焦虑或痛苦,American Psychia