单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,根据此表,我们知道,语法填空的考点或考查内容是:,(1),纯空格题:,通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。,(2),用括号中所给词填空:,通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。,(2),倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词,(do,does,did),,以及情态动词、强调结构中的,it,that,等都可能在纯空格题中进行考查,名词的数和所有格也可能在用括号中所给词填空中进行考查,同学们千万不可忽视。,(3),短文难度:,没有超出课标的生词,但有课标单词的派生词。,(4),短文题材:,或体现文化内涵,或给人心灵以启迪等。,(6),答案特点:,纯空格题:,试题要求中已明文规定死了“在空格处填入一个适当的词”,即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。两年高考题的答案印证了这一点。,用括号中所给词填空:,试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”,这个词的正确形式究竟由几个单词组成?两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。,解题方法,1.,通读全文,把握大意。,既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法,那么,我们在解题前,应快速浏览短文,把握全文大意,这一步非常重要。,2.,结合语境,试填空格。,读懂短文之后,要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境,从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的,词性,,再根据句子的结构和意义,以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的,正确形式,。具体来说,可按设题类型分为三类情况:,(1),纯空格试题的解题技巧。,首先,分析句子结构,确定填,哪类词,。然后,再根据句子的意思,确定具体填,什么词,;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个,连词,。确定填哪类词有以下,7,个技巧:,技巧,1,:,缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词,(,多考代词,),。如:,例,1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to,and _,38,_ gets there almost in a second.,解析:,and,连接前后两个句子,,and,后面的句子缺主语,应填名词或代词;结合前一分句,不难推知,“马上可到达那里”的是,the message,,替代,the message,用代词,it,。,技巧,2,:,名词前面,若没有限定词,(,冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词,),,很可能是填限定词。如:,例,2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(9601279)was very anxious to help _,33,_rice crop grow up quickly.(2008,年广东高考,),解析:名词,rice crop,前还没有限定词,应当填限定词;根据句意,这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快,故填形容词性物主代词,his,。,技巧,3,:,句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定是填介词。,例,4 who should have the honour of receiving me _,33,_a guest in their house.(2007,年广东高考,),解析:因,a guest,在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语,前面一定是填介词,使其成为该介词的宾语;又由句意可知,他们“把我当作客人”来接待,表示“当作”,用介词,as,。,技巧,4,:,若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。,例,5two world-famous artists,Pablo Picasso,34,Candido Portinari,which are worth millions of dollars.,解析:因与,Pablo Picasso(,毕加索,),与,Candido Portinari(,坎迪多,波尔蒂纳里,),这两个名词之间没有连词,一定是填连词;两者是并列关系,应填,and,。,技巧,5,:,若两句,(,一个主谓关系算一个句子,),之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词或从属连词。,例,8 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,_,37,_he felt very happy(2008,年广东高考,),解析:因,He was very tired,是一个句子,,he felt very happy,也是一个句子,这两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填连词;根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系,可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系,故填,but,。,(1),作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语,一般用不定式。,如:,例,22 _(complete)the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.,解析:因句中已有谓语,will have to work,,所以,complete,应为非谓语动词;因“,(,为了,),按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填,To complete,。,对动词的考查,(2),作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,是被动关系,用过去分词。,如:,例,24 He saw the stone,37,(say)to himself:“The night will be very dark.”(2008,年东莞一模,),例,25 The headmaster went into the lab,_(follow)by the foreign guests.,解析:句中已有谓语,saw,,所给动词与,saw,不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词;又因,He,与,say,是主动关系,故填,saying,作伴随状语。,解析:句中已有谓语,went,,而,follow,又不是与之并列的,故为非谓语动词;又因,the headmaster,与,follow,是被动关系,故用过去分词作伴随状语。,(3),不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是,主动,关系用,ing,形式,是,被动,关系用,ed,形式。,如:,例,26 There will be a meeting,_,40,_(start)later this year to review the film.,例,27 Lessons,39,(learn)in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.,解析:因,a meeting,与,start,是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明,a meeting,,故填,starting,。,解析:因句中已有谓语,can help,,所以,learn,应为非谓语动词;又因,lesson,与,learn,是被动关系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故填,learned,。,词类转换题的解题技巧,根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有:,技巧,10,:,作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。如:,例,28 The youngster immediately fell _(silence)as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.,解析:因在系动词,felt,后作表语,用形容词,故填,silent,。,例,29 In a _(danger)part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand,they learnt to,例,30 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _(interest)in the subject,解析:在冠词与名词之间,要用形容词,作定语,故填,dangerous,。,解析:因所填词在句中作宾语,most of their students,的补足语,用形容词;表示“感兴趣”,填,interested,。,技巧,11,:,作,主语,、在及物动词或介词后作,宾语,,用,名词,形式。如:,例,31 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _(achieve)are mentioned,the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.,解析:在时间状语从句中,要求填的词作主语,,Chinas ancient scientific and technological,是主语的定语;作主语要用名词,又由,are,可知,主语是复数,故填,achievements,。,例,32 These people have made great _,39,(contribute)to China with their work.(2007,年茂名二模,),例,33 instructors expect students to be familiar with _,32,_(inform)in the reading(2008,年三校联考,),解析:在句中作及物动词,have made,的宾语,要用名词形式;表示“作贡献”,其前面没有不定冠词时,习惯上用复数,故填,contributions,。,解析:因,with,是介词,在介词后作宾语,要用名词,故填,information,。,技巧,12,:,在,形容词性物主代词,后,或者在“,冠词,(+,形容词,)”,后,用名词形式。如:,例,34 the remains date from this period because of their _,38,_(similar)to those found elsewhere.(2008,年广州二模,),例,35 With the large numbers of students,the _(operate)of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.,解析:在形容词性物代词,(their),后应当用名词,故填,similarities,。,解析:在冠词后,要用名词,故填,operation,。,技巧,13,:,修饰,动词、形容词、副词,,或,整个句子,,作状语,用,副词形式,。如:,例,36 As I looked,32,(close)at this girl,I fount that(2008,年深圳一模,),例,38Singles are flocking(,涌向,)to the Internet,33,(main)because their busy lifestyles leave them little time(2008,年惠州三模,),解析:修饰动词,looked,,作状语,用副词,故填,closely,。,解析:修饰,because,引导的原因状语从句,修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词,故填,mainly,。,技巧,14,:,括号中所给词有可能是要求,词义转换,,,词类不一定要变,,主要是考查具有与词根意义,相反的派生词,,需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加,un,im,等,,在词根后加,less,等。如:,例,39 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is,no knowledge is _(use).,例,40 Your mistake caused a lot of