Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,4/25/2010,#,中国细菌耐药性监测,-CHINET,监测,(,2014,年),参加单位,上海华山医院,上海瑞金医院,北京协和医院,卫生部北京医院,上海儿科医院,湖北同济医院,广州医学院一附院,上海市儿童医院,安徽医科大学一附院,浙江邵逸夫医院,甘肃省人民医院,新疆医大一附院,昆明医学院一附院,中国医大一附院,天津医科大学总院,四川大学华西医院,内蒙古医科大学一附院,中国细菌耐药性监测-CHINET监测 上海华山医院,1,材料,细菌,2014.1.1,日,12.31,日临床分离株,剔除同一患者分离的重复菌株(血液和脑脊液除外),剔除非无菌体液分离的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和草绿色,链球菌,按统一方案进行抗菌药物敏感试验,培养基,药敏试验用,MH,琼脂,为,oxoid,公司商品。,抗菌药物纸片,抗菌药物纸片为,BBL,公司或,Oxoid,公司商品。,材料细菌剔除非无菌体液分离的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和草绿色,2,方法,药敏试验,纸片扩散法(,Kirby-bauer,),自动化仪器检测,MIC,值,质控菌:大肠埃希菌,ATCC,25922,,铜绿假单胞菌,ATCC,27853,,金葡菌,ATCC,25923,,肺炎链球菌,ATCC,49619,和流,感嗜血杆菌,ATCC,49247,。,药敏试验结果按,CLSI,2014,年版判断结果,万古霉素对葡萄球菌的药敏试验采用,MIC,法,内酰胺酶检测,头孢硝噻吩纸片法定性检测流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌,中的,内酰胺酶,方法药敏试验纸片扩散法(Kirby-bauer)内酰,3,方法,青霉素不敏感肺炎链球菌的检测,1mg/,片苯唑西林纸片测定肺炎链球菌的抑菌圈,直径,19mm,者用青霉素,E,试验条进一步测定其,MIC,耐万古霉素肠球菌的检测:,凡万古霉素纸片扩散法结果为非敏感的菌株,用万古霉素,MIC,加以确认,或用,PCR,扩增,vanA,、,vanB,、,vanC,等基因证实。,数据分析,采用,WHONET5.6,软件统计分析数据。,方法青霉素不敏感肺炎链球菌的检测1mg/片苯唑西林纸片测,4,2014,年,CHINET,监测网各医院的菌株数(,78955,株),医院,华山医院,瑞金医院,协和医院,同济医院,北京医院,广医一附院,儿科医院,儿童医院,革兰阴性菌,3214,3718,5594,3505,1676,1690,3742,1273,革兰阳性菌,954,1364,2701,1857,721,416,2486,1184,医院,甘肃省人民医院,新疆医大一附院,安徽医科大学一附院,昆明医学院一附院,中国医大一附院,天津医科大学总院,四川华西医院,内蒙医科大学一附院,革兰阴性菌,1871,5790,4323,2723,3305,3976,5058,2806,革兰阳性菌,608,2037,1233,1244,1607,228,1233,682,浙江邵逸夫医院,3056,1080,合计,57320,(,72.6%,),21635,(,27.4%,),2014年CHINET监测网各医院的菌株数(78955株)医,5,住院患者,(,84.9,),(,67057/78955,),2014,年,CHINET,监测网临床分离菌在,门急诊和住院患者中的分布,门急诊患者,(,15.1,),(,11898/78955,),住院患者2014年CHINET监测网临床分离菌在(118,6,尿液标本,血液标本,(13.3),2014,年,CHINET,监测网,78955,株临床分离菌在,各类标本中的分布,伤口脓液(4.8),(22.4),其他(8.7),呼吸道标本,(41.6),无菌体液(4.7),生殖道分泌物(2.2),粪便标本(1.2),脑脊液(1.0),尿液标本血液标本2014年CHINET监测网78955株临床,7,CHINET,耐药监测主要菌种分布,细菌,大肠埃希菌,克雷伯菌属,不动杆菌属,铜绿假单胞菌,金葡菌,肠球菌属,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,肠杆菌属,嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌,变形杆菌属,b-,溶血性链球菌,肺炎链球菌,流感嗜血杆菌,沙雷菌属,伯克霍尔德菌属,柠檬酸杆菌属,株数,16511,11308,8769,7471,7210,6891,3867,3418,1979,1732,1613,1422,1247,1010,896,644,20.91,14.32,11.11,9.46,9.13,8.73,4.90,4.33,2.51,2.19,2.04,1.80,1.58,1.28,1.13,0.82,细菌,草绿色链球菌,沙门菌属,卡他莫拉菌,其他假单胞菌,摩根菌属,其他嗜血杆菌,多源菌属,拉乌尔菌属,奈瑟菌属,*,产碱杆菌,丛毛单胞菌,黄杆菌属,罗尔斯顿菌属,普罗威登菌属,志贺菌属,其他,株数,563,527,326,381,353,190,135,89,38,29,31,26,27,20,20,212,0.71,0.67,0.41,0.48,0.45,0.24,0.17,0.11,0.05,0.05,0.04,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.03,0.27,*,:淋病奈瑟菌,31,株和脑膜炎奈瑟菌,3,株,CHINET耐药监测主要菌种分布细菌株数细菌株,8,2014,年,CHINET,监测网各医院金葡菌,MR,菌株检出率,金黄色葡萄球菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,医院,华山医院,瑞金医院,协和医院,同济医院,广州一附院,北京医院,上海儿科医院,上海儿童医院,MR,株数,/,总株数,190/256,191/373,238/817,708/963,63/114,192/271,172/530,133/388,(,%,),74.2,51.2,29.1,73.5,55.3,70.8,32.5,34.3,医院,甘肃省人民医院,新疆医大一附院,安徽医大一附院,昆明医大一附院,中国医大一附院,天津医大总院,四川大学华西医院,内蒙古医大一附院,MR,株数,/,总株数,115/293,266/819,232/419,90/278,219/466,8/11,139/461,102/342,(,%,),39.2,32.5,55.4,32.4,47.0,72.7,30.2,29.8,浙江邵逸夫医院,114/309,36.9,总计,3172/7210,44.6,2014年CHINET监测网各医院金葡菌MR菌株检出率金黄色,9,2014,年,CHINET,监测网各医院凝固酶,(-),葡萄球菌,MR,菌株检出率,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,医院,华山医院,瑞金医院,协和医院,同济医院,广州一附院,北京医院,上海儿科医院,上海儿童医院,MR,株数,/,总株数,164/192,61/80,238/337,201/240,73/76,120/143,463/540,244/288,(,%,),85.4,76.3,70.6,83.8,96.1,83.9,85.7,84.7,医院,甘肃省人民医院,新疆医大一附院,安徽医大一附院,昆明医大一附院,中国医大一附院,天津医大总院,四川大学华西医院,内蒙古医大一附院,MR,株数,/,总株数,56/64,305/336,212/268,234/311,385/450,4/8,232/275,47/61,(,%,),87.5,90.8,79.1,75.2,85.6,50.0,84.4,77.0,浙江邵逸夫医院,171/198,86.4,总计,3210/3867,83.0,2014年CHINET监测网各医院凝固酶(-)葡萄球菌MR菌,10,耐药率(),利福平,红霉素,万古霉素,利奈唑胺,替考拉宁,头孢呋辛,头孢唑啉,庆大霉素,环丙沙星,克林霉素,青霉素,左氧氟沙星,氨苄西林/舒巴坦,复方磺胺甲噁唑,苯唑西林,MSSA(4022,株,),与,MRSA(3172,株,),的耐药率(,%,),0,0,0,0,88.6,83.4,47.2,60.1,71.7,68.3,7,77.1,0,100,88.4,52.9,51.4,23.5,12.6,11.2,10.8,8.9,1.1,1.5,1.6,62.3,100,0,0,0.9,20,60,40,100,80,120,MSSA,MRSA,无耐药菌株,0,MRSA,对抗菌药的耐药率高于,MSSA,,但除外复方磺胺甲噁唑,未发现万古霉素、利奈唑胺和替考拉宁耐药的菌株。,MRSA,对复方磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率较低,为,7.0%,;对其他均近,50%,或以上。,耐药率()利福平红霉素万古霉素利奈唑胺替考拉宁头孢呋辛头孢,11,耐药率(),利福平,红霉素,利奈唑胺,替考拉宁,万古霉素,头孢唑啉,头孢呋辛,庆大霉素,环丙沙星,克林霉素,青霉素,左氧氟沙星,氨苄西林/舒巴坦,复方磺胺甲噁唑,苯唑西林,MSCNS(739,株,),和,MRCNS(3210,株,),的耐药率(,%,),0,0,0,0,31.7,23.5,30.2,53,56.5,39.9,100,100,0,0,0,0,72.3,60.7,62.8,25.6,12.4,10.2,8.2,4.6,13.3,2.9,0.5,0.5,37.8,86.2,20,0,40,60,80,100,120,MSCNS,MRCNS,MRCNS,对抗菌药的耐药率高于,MSCNS,未发现万古霉素、利奈唑胺和替考拉宁耐药的菌株。,MRCNS,对大多抗菌药的耐药率低于,MRSA,,但复方磺胺甲噁唑反之(,60.7%,VS,7.0%,)。,MRCNS,对利福平的耐药率较低,为,13.3%,;对其他均近,30%,或以上。,无耐药菌株,耐药率()利福平红霉素利奈唑胺替考拉宁万古霉素头孢唑啉头孢,12,耐药率(),磷霉素,氯霉素,利福平,替考拉宁,万古霉素,利奈唑胺,呋喃妥因,氨苄西林,环丙沙星,左氧氟沙星,庆大霉素,红霉素,3.5,26.1,46.6,14.1,91.6,85.6,89,5.7,49.5,83.5,89.1,71,4.3,25.4,0.4,6.8,31,31.2,64.2,0.1,1.5,4.2,0.8,0.2,10,0,20,40,30,50,80,70,60,100,90,粪肠球菌,屎肠球菌,粪肠球菌,(3129,株,),和屎肠球菌,(3312,株,),的耐药率(,%,),屎肠球菌对抗菌药的耐药率高于粪肠球菌,但氯霉素反之。,132,株,VRE,中,粪肠球菌,12,株、屎肠球菌,120,株,可分型,101,株,VRE,中,,vanA,38,株(均为屎肠)、,vanB,40,株(,10,株粪肠,+30,株屎肠)、,vanM,23,株(均为屎肠),少数耐药菌,,5%,耐药率()磷霉素氯霉素利福平替考拉宁万古霉素利奈唑胺呋喃妥,13,溶血性链球菌对抗菌药物的耐药率(,%,),抗菌药物,青霉素,红霉素,克林霉素,头孢呋辛,头孢噻肟,头孢曲松,万古霉素,利奈唑胺,左氧氟沙星,A,(,456,),0.5,88.7,84.1,0.0,0.5,1.3,0,0,1.2,B,(,913,),4.7,67.8,57.8,0.0,1.9,2.1,0,0,47.7,C,(,94,),21.1,70.2,63.8,0,6.4,0.0,0,0,3.2,G,(,57,),4.9,65.1,65.9,0,2.4,3,0,0,0,草链,(,563,),10.1,63.8,57.4,10.9,13.5,18.2,0,0,11.1,溶血性链球菌对抗菌药物的耐药率(%)抗菌药物A,14,成人和儿童医院中肺炎链球菌的分布,菌株,儿童分离株,成人分离株,2013,年,2014,年,2013,年,2014,年,株数,%,株数,%,株数,%,株数,%,PSSP,PISP,PRSP,合计,608,105,193,906,67.1,11.6,21.3,