,Unit 4 Reading and Thinking,Language points,Unit 4 Reading and ThinkingLan,重点词汇讲解,flood,(1),n.,洪水,U/C,The heavy rain caused,floods,in the houses by the river.,大量,a flood of,letters/complaints(,投诉）,vt.,淹没；使,灌满水,A flood of floods flooded,the valley,（山谷）,.,vi.,淹没,The cellar,（地窖）,floods whenever it rains heavily.,(2),flood into sth/in,涌入（,）,Applications,flooded into,the office.,Donations began to,flood in,from kind people.,flood sth with sth,某处,铺满或者充满,The place,was flooded with,light.,重点词汇讲解vt.淹没；使灌满水 vi.淹没(2),2.rescue,(1)n.&vt.,营救；救援,a rescue team;rescue the injured,(2),短语,:rescue sb.from,.,把某人从,营救出来,The soldiers,rescued,the old man,from,the flood.,come to ones rescue,援救或救助 某人,A boy was trapped in the building and soon a rescue team,came to his rescue.,3.damage,(1)vt.,损害；破坏,;n,损坏；损失,The strong light can do/cause damage to your eyes.,翻译练习：一股强风毁坏了建筑物,The strong wind damaged the bulidings,(2),do/cause damage to sth,These chemicals can cause damage to the liver,heart,and kidneys.,这些化学药品会使肝脏、心脏和肾脏受到损害。,2.rescue(2)短语:rescue sb.fro,4.destroy,vt.,摧毁；毁灭,destroyed,；,destroyed,The bridge _(destroy)by the flood.,was destroyed,5.death n.,死，死亡,（,1,）,The hero _(die)ten years ago.That is to say,he _for ten years.,The_ man was saved by a kind passer-by.,The tornado has caused many _.,died,has been dead,dying,deaths,（,2,）了解一下：,a matter of life and death,；生死攸关的事,be frightened/scared to death;,吓得要死,starve to death;,饿死,be sentenced to death,判处死刑,4.destroywas destroyed5.dea,6.affect,（,1,）,vt.,影响；（疾病）侵袭；感染；深深打动,Their opinion will not,affect,my decision.,Cancer,had affected,his lungs,by the end of last month.,We,were deeply affected by,her selflessness.,(=be deeply moved by sth),_(affect)by a serious disease,he has no longer able to speak clearly.,(2)n.effect,影响；结果,have an effect on sth/sb=have an influence on sth/sb,=make a difference to sb.,Sometimes family environment has,an unbelievable effect on,the shaping(,塑造）,of childrens characters.,Affected,6.affect(2)n.effect 影响；结果,7.,It seemed,as if,the world were,coming to an end,!(,结束,),(1)as if,后跟从句，若是真实情况或极有可能为事实，用陈述语气。,There are so many blank clouds in the sky.It seems as if it is going to rain soon.,(2),as if,后跟从句，若是不真实或不大可能为事实的情况，则要用虚拟语气。,针对何时的假设,as if,从句谓语动词,现在情况,已过去情况,对将来情况,一般过去时,，即,were,或,did,过去完成时,，即,had done,“,过去将来时,”，即,would/could,/might/should,+V,原形,as if,从句动词所用的时态，比实际情况要早一个时态！,7.It seemed as if the world w,对将来情况进行假设时，,He opened he his mouth as if he _something.,对现在情况：,When a chopstick is put into a cup of water,it looks as if it _(be)broken.,He looks as if he _ (not know)the result.,对已过去情况：,My mother turned her back on me as if she_,(know)my mistake.,were,didnt know,had known,would say,Exes,1.He behaved as if nothing _.,2.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _it?,3.She treats the children as if she _their mother.,had happened,had done,were,对将来情况进行假设时，对现在情况：对已过去情况：wer,damage,destroy,ruin,hurt,8.ruin vt.&n.,破坏；毁坏,(1),（,be/lie)in ruins,严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟,(2),同义词区分：,damage,、,destroy,、,ruin,；,hurt,“损失，损害”,；,表示,某物体某一部分,上的损害；但,不会影响其主体功能；,一般可以修复，,Drinking too much can damage ones health.,“毁灭，消灭,”；,多指通过某种有力的或者粗暴的手段，使某物较短时间内毁灭；,一般不能或很难恢复,The town was destroyed in a big fire.,“毁坏”；经较长时间的累积导致美好的事物破坏严重，且,不能修复，,使其失去使用价值,The old house lay in ruins after a heavy rain.,身体上或精神、心灵上的“创伤或伤害”,His words hurt my feelings.,damagedestroyruinhurt 8.ruin,(2),短语及句型：,对,感到震惊；,_,_,震惊，吃惊,;_,某事令人很吃惊：,_,(1),词形变化：,adj._;_,Exes:He was _at the _ news,which,was also a shock to,her father.,It is shocking that,shocking,词形变化以及短语搭配同“,surprise,”,（,3,）扩展：,对某事大吃一惊,(sth.),come as a shock,The news of his death came as a great shock to everyone.,shocked,be shocked at/by sth;be shocked to do sth,in shock,9.shock n.,震惊,U,，令人震惊的事,C,；,休克,；,vt.,使某人感到震惊，,shocking,shocked,(2)短语及句型：(1)词形变化：adj._;,10.trap,(1)n.,险境；陷阱,set/lay a trap;fall into a trap,(2)vt.,使落入险境；使陷入圈套；,trap,ped,;trap,ped,无连词且被动形式的短语作非谓时：,去,be,，,即只保留,V-ed,（,+,介,+,宾）,相关短语,:,trap sb.into doing sth,用计使某人上当而做某事,;,be trapped in/under sth,被困于,.;,Exes,用,trap,的正确形式填空,She _ in the burning house.,I _telling him all I knew.,The team _ in the burning building,were waiting,for rescue anxiously.,was trapped,was trapped into,trapped,10.trap(2)vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套；无连词,（,2,）,bury oneself in sth,He has,buried himself in,his work since he came here.,11.bury vt.,埋葬；安葬,;bur,ied,;bur,ied,(1),短语：,bury sth in sth,；,bury ones face in hands,She buried her face in her hands and wept.,be buried in sth,He,was buried in,the book,so,he didnt notice it raining,outside.,翻译练习：,1.,我的妹妹正在专心读故事书。,My sister is buried in reading the storybook.,2.,他埋头在学习中，所以他没有听到妈妈的呼喊。,He buried himself in his studies so that he did not,hear his mothers call.,专心致志于某事；埋头做某事,（2）bury oneself in sthHe has b,12.effort n.,努力,;,艰难的尝试,;,尽力,make an/ones effort to do sth,spare no effort to do sth,一句多译：,我们将,竭尽全力帮助你,，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。,Well _,but you must get prepared to,meet all kinds of difficulties,_,_,make an effort to help you,spare no effort to help you,try our best to help you,12.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力一句多译,13.