单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/7/5,#,Grammar,Unit,7,International,charities,课前自主预习,单,词,闯,关,1.,创建，建立,vt,.&,vi,._,2.,举行,vt,._,set,hold,短语互译,1.,分发；提出,_,2,数百万的,_,3,筹钱,_,4.with its help_,5,set up _,hand out,millions of,raise money,在它的帮助下,建起，设立,句,型,在,线,1.,在飞机上，手术由志愿者医生们来做。,On the plane,operations _ by volunteer doctors.,2,许多盲人得到了,ORBIS,医生们的救助。,Many blind people _ ORBIS doctors.,3.,乐施会的钱被用来帮助穷人。,The money _ Oxfam _ poor people.,are done,were helped by,is used by,to help,语法聚焦,1.,一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态,2,主动语态变被动语态的方法,3,特殊句型的被动语态,课堂互动探究,词汇点睛,1,hand out,分发；提出,观察,Leaflets are,handed out,to people in the street by volunteers.,传单由志愿者们在街道上分发。,探究,hand out,意为“分发；提出”，为“动词,_”,构成的短语，,_,作其宾语时，只能放在,hand,与,out,之间。其同义短语为,give out,。,副词,代词,拓展,与,hand,相关的其他常用短语：,hand in,上交；,give sb a hand,帮助某人；,by hand,手工；,on the one handon the other hand,一方面,另一方面,活学活用,1,(1),这是我们的试卷。请把它们分发出去。,Here are our exam papers.Please _,(2)2018,连云港,Jim,check your homework before you _(,上交它,),hand them out/give them out,hand it in,观察,Our school will,hol,d the sports meeting next week.,我们学校下周将举行运动会。,2,hold,vt,.,举行,探究,hold,为及物动词，意为“举行”，其过去式为,held,过去分词为,held,。常见搭配：,hold a meeting/party,举行会议,/,聚会。,拓展,hold,作及物动词时，还可表示“握住，抓住；容纳”。,The classroom can hold over 100 students.,这间教室能容纳,100,多名学生。,He is holding his fathers hand.,他正握着他爸爸的手。,2,.,2018,上海,We will hold a class meeting to talk about teamwork next Friday.(,改为被动语态,),A class meeting will _to talk about teamwork next Friday.,be held,观察,Oxfam was,set up,in the UK in 1942,乐施会于,1942,年在英国成立,3,set up,建起，设立,探究,set up,意为“建起，设立”，可指具体或抽象事物的“建造”或“建立”。,拓展,与,set,相关的其他常用短语：,set off,出发；,set out,动身；,set free,释放,3,.,What do you want to do in the future,Jack?,I want to _a Hope School to help students who are unable to go to school.,A,set out B,set off,C,set up D,set into,C,1,But more money,is needed,to carry on with our work.,但是需要更多的钱来继续我们的工作。,2,The plane,is used,as a training centre.,这架飞机被用作培训中心。,语法聚焦,教材典句,3,His eye problem,was cured,two months ago.,他的眼疾两个月前被治愈。,4,Many blind people,were helped,by ORBIS doctors.,许多盲人得到了,ORBIS,医生们的救助。,1,一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态,动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：,_,和,_,。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的,_,。,主动语态,被动语态,承受者,语法探究,被动语态由“,_,_”,构成。其中，,be,动词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与作为系动词时完全一样。不及物动词由于没有动作的承受者，故无被动语态形式。现将一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态结构列表如下,(,以,hurt,为例,),：,be,及物动词的过去分词,时态,句式,主语,be,动词,过去分词,一,般,现,在,时,肯,定,式,I,am,hurt.,You/We/They,are,He/She/It,is,否,定,式,I,am not,hurt.,You/We/They,are not,He/She/It,is not,时态,句式,主语,be,动词,过去分词,一,般,过,去,时,肯定式,I/He/She/It,was,hurt.,You/We/They,were,否定式,I/He/She/It,was not,hurt.,You/We/They,were not,一般在以下几种情况下，需要使用被动语态：,(1),当动作的,_,显而易见时。如：,Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons.,我们的微机课上教授文字处理技术。,(2),不知道或不想知道动作的执行者，只知道动作的承受者时。如：,When we got there,the room had been cleaned already.,当我们到那儿时，房间已经被打扫干净了。,执行者,(3),当认为动作比动作的执行者更重要时。如：,Educational CDs are sold in many countries.,许多国家销售教育光盘。,(4),没有必要说出或出于礼貌不便说出动作的执行者时。如：,I was told that you were not honest enough.,我被告知你不够诚实。,(5),有必要突出或强调动作的执行者时，常由,_,引出动作的执行者。如：,The window was cleaned by Peter.,窗户被彼得擦干净了。,by,1,(1)2018,河北,Look at the picture.The top five TV plays _ in it.,A,list,B,are listed,C,will list,D,will be listed,B,(2)2018,重庆,B Whos the little girl in the photo,Laura?,Its me.This photo _ when I was five.,A,is taken B,takes,C,was taken D,took,C,(3)I dont think he stole the painting.When he _(ask)what he was doing at 7 yesterday evening,he was very calm.,(4)2017,常州,All the children _(bring)back to their parents yesterday after the police found them.,was asked,were brought,(5)2018,南京,Simon,do you know who invented the kite?,Sure!It _ by Mozi over 2,，,000 years ago.,A,is invented,B,invented,C,was invented,D,will be invented,C,2,主动语态变被动语态的方法,(1),把主动语态的,_,变为被动语态的,_,，人称代词宾格要变为,_,。,(2),把主动语态中的谓语动词变成被动结构“,_”,。被动语态的,_,决定,be,动词的数，主动语态的,_,决定被动语态的时态。如：,All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all the people.,宾语,主语,主格,be,及物动词的过去分词,主语,时态,2,将下列句子变为被动语态,(1)He waters the flowers every day.,The flowers _ by him every day.,(2)2018,黔南,His mother made a big cake for his birthday.,A big cake _ _by his mother for his birthday.,are watered,was,made,3,特殊句型的被动语态,(1),含有使役动词,(make,let,have,等,),或感官动词,(hear,see,listen to,watch,等,),的句子，在主动语态中，这些词后跟省略,to,的动词不定式，但是在变成被动语态时要补出,to,。另外，,help,一词在主动语态中，,to,可以省略，也可以保留，但在被动语态中，,to,一定要加上。如：,My mother often makes me do housework.,I am often made to do housework by mymother.,We heard someone open the door.,Someone was heard to open the door by us.,(2),含可接双宾语的动词,(teach,give,pass,show,等,),的句子在变为被动语态时，两个宾语可以任选一个作主语，如果直接宾语被提前，间接宾语前要加相应的介词,to/for,。如：,She gave me a pen.,She gave a pen to me.,I was given a pen by her.,A pen was given to me by her.,My daughter passed me a picture.,My daughter passed a picture to me.I was passed a picture by my daughter.,A picture was passed to me by my daughter.,(3),“不及物动词,(vi.),介词,/,副词宾语”的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能去掉。如：,We should speak to old people politely.,Old people should be spoken to politely by us.,(4),含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时，宾语补足语的位置不变。如：,We call him Xiao Li.,He is called Xiao Li by us.,3.(1)2016,安顺,Though