单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句,the Attributive Clause,定语从句,1,定语从句,：,2,先行词,：,3,关系词,：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,关系词通常有下列三个,作用,：,Revision,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有,that,which,who,whom,whose,as,等；关系副词有,when,where,why,等。,A,、引导定语从句；,B,、代替先行词；,C,、在定语从句中担当一个成分。,1定语从句：Revision修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语,关系代词的一般用法,先行词是人，在,从句,中作主语用,who,，作宾语用,whom,或,who,，作定语用,whose,；先行词是物，在,定语,从句,中作主语或宾语都用,which,，作定语用,of which,或,whose,均可。在限制性定语,从句,中,which,who,whom,都可用,that,代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。,关系代词的一般用法,This is the man _helped me yesterday.,The teacher(_)you want to see is coming.,I met a boy _father was a astronaut.,Here is the coat _will be made to you.,This is the factory(_)we visited last year.,He has a book _ cover(=the cover_)is very beautiful.,who,who/whom/that,whose,which/that,which/that,whose,of which,（作定语）,(,作主语,),(,作,see,的宾语，可以省略,),(,作定语,),(,作主语）,(,作,visited,的宾语，可以省略,),This is the man _helped me,关系副词的一般用法,关系副词有,when,where,why,，在定语,从句,中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。,when,的先行词通常是,time,day,season,age,occasion,等时间名词；,where,的先行词通常是,place,city,town,village,house,case,situation,scenes,等地点或情形名词；,why,的先行词只能是,reason,。,关系副词,when,和,where,有时可用“介词,which”,代替，,why,可用,for which,代替。,关系副词的一般用法,There are occasions _ one must yield.,（屈服）,Beijing is the place _ I was born.,Is this the reason _ he refused our offer?,when(=on which),where(=in which),why(=for which),注意,：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语,从句,中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词。,There are occasions _,(1)The factory _his father worked has closed.,比较：,The factory _was built in 1978 has closed.,(2)Ill never forget the days _ we lived together.,比较：,Ill never forget the days(_)we spent in Australia.,(3)The reason(_)she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.,比较：,The reason(_)he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated.,where,(,作状语,),which/that,(,作主语,),when,(,作状语,),that,(,作及物动词,spent,的宾语,),why,(,作状语，用关系副词,),that,(,作,gave,的宾语，用关系代词,),(1)The factory _his fathe,在定语,从句,中，关系代词,which,和,that,都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：,只能用,that,而不能用,which,的情形,(1),当先行词为：,all,little,few,much,none,及,some-,any-,no-,every-,与,thing,所组成的复合单词时，只能用,that,。如：,There is nothing that will stop us making progress.,(2),当先行词前面有,only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very,等形容词修饰时，只能用,that,。如：,This is the only problem that we cant work out.,在定语从句中，关系代词 which 和 that 都可指物，,(3)当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。如：,This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.,(4)当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。如：,Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.,(5)当先行词在,主,句,中作表语时，只能用that。如：,This is a book that I have been looking for since last week.,(6),当主句是以 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用 that。如：,Which is the picture that you drew yesterday?,(3)当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用tha,只能用,which,而不能用,that,的情形,(1),当非限制性定语,从句,中的先行词指物时，只能用,which,。如：,The pencil-case,which I bought last week,is missing.,(2),关系代词,前面有介词时，只能用,which,。如：,The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.,(3),先行词为代词,that,或,that,所修饰时，只能用,which,。如：,I dont take that which is too expensive.,只能用which而不能用that的情形,who(whom),和,that,的用法区别详解,在定语,从句,中，关系代词,who(whom),和,that,都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，,一、用,who(whom),而不用,that,的情形,(1),在,非限制性定语,从句,中的先行词指人时，只能用,who(whom),。如：,My sister,who is studying abroad,sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.,(2),当定语,从句,对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用,who(whom),。如：,Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students?,(3),当先行词为,people,和,those,时，只能用,who(whom),。,Those who want to go there come here please.,who(whom)和that的用法区别详解,(4),当先行词为,one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(,指人,),时，只能用,who(whom),。如：,Anyone who is against us is our enemy.,(5),先行词指人，而,关系代词在,从句,中作主语,时，一般多用,who,。如：,The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days.,(6),在,there be,句型中名词的定语,从句,多用,who(whom),。,There are students in our class who/whom you have met.,(7),当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为,that,那么，另一个定语,从句,的引导词必定为,who,。如：,The boy that you met just now is Li Mings brother who just graduated from a university.,(4)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,ev,二、用,that,而不用,who(whom),的情形,(1),当,先行词,前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用,that,。如：,The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong.,(2),当,先行词,前面有,only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very,等词修饰时，引导词只能用,that,。如：,He is the only student that said“no”to the teacher.,(3),当主句是以,who,开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用,that,。如：,Who is woman that you talked with just now?,二、用that 而不用who(whom)的情形,(4)the same as,与,the same that,the same as,所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；,the same that,表示所引导的,从句,内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：,She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago.,She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago.,(4)the same as 与 the same tha,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：,非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：,一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用,that,引导。如：,1.I like the book,which was bought yesterday.,我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。,2.I like the book which/that was bought yesterday.,我喜欢昨天买的那本书。,二、非限制性定语从句不能用,why,引导。要用,for which,代替,why,。,如：,1.I had told them the reason,for which I didnt attend the meeting.,我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。,2.I had told them the reason why I