单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,议论文,的,概要写作,高考新题型,议论文的高考新题型,1,Pre-learning Checking,How to find the topic sentences?,Try to draw a conclusion based on the pre-learning materials,Pre-learning CheckingHow to fi,2,演绎法,撰写，遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即以概述开句，随之,辅加,细说。,1.,给予例证、解释或说明的段落,，首句后常见词,：,for example,，,takeas an example,2.,下定义的段落；,thats to say;to be exact,段首,是,主题,句,：,演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即以概述开句，随之辅,3,1,.,阐述一个不,太,常见的或难以令人接受的观点的段落,2.,旨在说服读者相信其论点,的段落,用归纳法撰写，先表述细节或交代论据，最后做出概括性的结论，以总结性句子收尾。,常见词：,as a result;in a word,to conclude,in fact,therefore,等,段尾,是,主题句：,1.阐述一个不太常见的或难以令人接受的观点的段落段尾是主题,4,引题或例证主题思想解释或进一步给予例证。,段,意转折,，一般作者往往把中心意思放于转折后。常见词：,however,but,on the contrary,nevertheless,，,instead,等,出现于过渡句或疑问句之后。,段,中,主题句：,段中主题句：,5,In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online.Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Internet and the,reliability of the Internet.But with shopping online becoming more widespread,it hasnt slowed down the increasing numbers of online shoppers.As the BBC reports,average spending online this Christmas in America will rise to$240 or so.,In,the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop,online.,Many,were worried about the security of entering their card details,on,the,Internet,and,the reliability of,the Internet,.,C.,But with shopping online becoming more widespread,it hasnt slowed,down,the increasing,numbers,of online shoppers.,D.,As the BBC reports,average spending online this Christmas in,America,will rise to$240 or so.,Further Consolidation,In the past a lot of people we,6,Argumentation(,议论文,),To,inform,or,explain,an opinion by providing materials.,Task Presentation,How to summary an argumentation?,Argumentation(议论文)To inform or,7,The Structure of Argumentation,Opinions,Supporting ideas,Conclusion,The Structure of Argumentation,8,Reading,Underline the topic sentence of each paragraph.,2.Clarify the structure of the passage according to the,topic sentences.,ReadingUnderline the topic sen,9,By,todays standards,my mobile phone is pretty rubbish.Its a Nokia 1616,a small,not very heavy device with which you can send and receive calls and messages.Except that,my phone doesnt do much.Its nothing compared to a smartphone.Why would I want one of those?,I,have often been told that the big advantage of having a smartphone is,that:“You,can do everything with,them!”Okay,they may have endless functions,but generally they are just used for checking social networking sites,playing games,and receiving and replying to emails which can be performed well by my laptop.,As,far as I can tell,the best thing about having,an smartphone,is that you can be connected to the Internet all the time.I love the Internet,but I just dont see the point of constantly being online.I would think that if someone needed me urgently,they would just ring me rather than send an email.,One typical effect,of the smartphone is,in my opinion,the addiction to maps and,navigations(,导航,),system.Is there anything more boring than knowing exactly where you are all of the time?How do you get to know an area if you dont get lost there a few times?It is true that we all occasionally need to be pointed in the right direction,but we,can,experience much more if,turning,to the real life humans.,There,are many benefits of having a very basic mobile phone,like the fact that it cost me about twenty pounds,and that I dont have to worry too much about it being stolen.But the main benefit,has to,be the fact that it provides me with the worlds greatest excuse for my bad habits.Whether its turning up late to events,or forgetting about an appointment at work,Im covered with:“Im sorry.I dont have a smartphone.”,By todays standards,my,10,Topic Sentences,Para.1 Why would I want one of those?,Para.2,Generally,they are just used for checking,social,which,can be performed well by my laptop,.,Para.3,I just dont see the point of constantly being online,Para.4,It is true that,but,we can experience much more,if,turning to the real life humans.,Para.5,But,the main benefit has to,provides,me,with,the,worlds greatest excuse for my bad habits.,Topic SentencesPara.1 Why,11,The Structure of Argumentation,Opinions:,Supporting ideas,P,ara.2,Para.3,Para.4,Para.5,Para2,Para3,Para4,:arguments against the advantages of,smartphones,Para5,:A main advantage of a basic mobile phone,Tip1:Choose the proper conjunctions based on the structure,secondly;,besides,firstly,thirdly,m,ore importantly,Para.1,The Structure of Argumentation,12,Para.1 Why would I want one of those?,Tip 2:Use a statement instead of a question,suggested phrases&sentence patterns:,prefer to rather than.,have a preference for.Instead of,Opinions:,The Language of Argumentation,(basic mobile phone rather than smartphone),Para.1 Why would I want on,13,The Language of Argumentation,Supporting ideas,Para.2“,checking,social networking sites,playing games,and,receiving,and replying to,emails,“,frequently used functions,Tip 3:Use,summary,words instead of specific examples,The Language of