Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Swine Disease Control Principles,猪 病 控 制 的 基 本 原 理,作者：Larry Firkins,DVM,MS,MBA,University of Illinois,College of Veterinary Medicine,美国伊利诺斯大学兽医学院,Swine Disease Control Principl,1,Economic Cost of Disease,疾病的经济损失,Death Loss,死亡损失,Obviously Sick Pigs,明显的病猪,Treatment Costs,治疗开支,Lost Production,生产损失,Lost Access to Markets,市场的丧失,Economic Cost of Disease,2,Disease,疾病,Alteration of the state of the body,or in some of its organs,which interrupts or disturbs the proper performance of the,bodily functions.,机体或者其部分器官的状态发生改变，引起机体正常功能的紊乱,Disease疾病Alteration of the st,3,Infection,感染,A microorganism enters a pig and causes a disturbance of function.,微生物侵入猪体，引起功能紊乱,Diseases that are a result of infection are,Infectious Diseases.,感染引起的的疾病为传染性疾病,Non-infectious diseases,can be the result of Genetic factors,Nutritional causes,Toxic factors,Management,etc.,非传染性疾病可能由遗传、营养、毒素、管理等因素引起,Most diseases of swine are Multi-Factorial.,猪的多数疾病由多种因素引起,Infection 感染A microorganism e,4,Infection,感染,Organisms such as bacteria,viruses,etc.,that can cause disease are called,Pathogens,.,细菌，病毒等引起疾病的微生物称为病原,Not all microorganisms are pathogenic.,并非所有微生物都有致病性,Some are opportunists.,有些是条件性病原体,Some are non-pathogenic,some are helpful.,有些为非致病性的，有些则有益,Infection 感染Organisms such as,5,Sources of Infection,感染源,Direct contact with a diseased pig,与病猪直接接触,Contact through Fomites.,与污染物接触,boots,trucks,dirty equipment,people,鞋，车，脏污的设备，人员,Contact with Disease Carriers,.,与疾病携带者接触,Air Borne Infections,.,空气传播感染,Sources of Infection感染源Direct,6,Body Defenses,机体防御,Primary Defenses,-which serve to hinder or prevent the passage of disease organisms into the body,第一道防线阻挡或防止病原侵入机体,Secondary Defenses,-that deal with bugs that have managed to get past the primary defenses and enter the tissues.,第二道防线抵御通过了第一防御并进入机体组织的病原,Body Defenses机体防御Primary Def,7,Primary Defenses,第一道防线,Skin,皮肤,Mucus,粘膜,Air-filtering system,空气过滤系统,Cilia,纤毛,Acid,酸,Enzymes,酶,Primary Defenses 第一道防线Skin皮肤,8,Secondary Defenses,第二道防线,Non Specific Chemical Defenses such as enzymes,interferon,etc.,非特异性化学物质防御，如酶，干扰素等,Cellular defenses-Natural killer cells,T-cells,Macrophages,etc.,细胞防御天然杀手细胞，,T,细胞，巨噬细胞等,Specific Antibodies against disease agents.,针对病原体的特异性抗体,Secondary Defenses第二道防线Non Sp,9,Antibodies,抗体,Antibodies are proteins formed in response to an infection.,抗体是对感染发生反应而形成的蛋白质,IgG,IgA,IgM,IgE,Presence of Ab indicates exposure but not,always presence of disease,有抗体说明接触过病原，但不一定发病,Antibody level testing not correlated well to disease resistance,抗体水平与抗病力无很好相关,Antibodies抗体Antibodies are pr,10,Ab level,抗体水平,Infection,感染,0 7 14 21 .,Ab level 抗体水平Infection0 7,11,0 7 14 21 .,Ab level,抗体水平,Infection,感染,0 7 14 21 .Ab,12,0 7 14 21 .,Ab level,抗体水平,Infection,感染,0 7 14 21 .Ab,13,0 7 14 21 .,Ab level,抗体水平,Infection,感染,0 7 14 21 .Ab,14,抗体水平,感染,0 7 14 21 .,抗体水平感染0 7 14 21,15,Active vs Passive Immunity,主动与被动免疫,Active Immunity after exposure to a pathogen or vaccine,Ab produced 7 to 10 days after exposure to a antigen.,主动免疫在病原或疫苗接触后产生，抗体产生于与病原接触后710天,Passive Immunity-,transfer of antibodies from an another animal that has been actively immunized.,被动免疫抗体由主动免疫过的动物转移而来,Colostrum and Antiserum are passive immunity,初乳和抗血清带来的免疫力是被动免疫,Active vs Passive Immunity主动与,16,Colostrum,初乳,The colostrum contains concentrated antibody(mostly IgG and IgM).,初乳含有高浓度抗体（多数是,IgG,和,IgM）,Pinocytosis can occur effectively only within the first 18 hours of life.,初乳的有效吸收仅发生在出生后18小时内,Colostrum初乳The colostrum cont,17,猪病控制基本原理-课件,18,猪病控制基本原理-课件,19,猪病控制基本原理-课件,20,猪病控制基本原理-课件,21,猪病控制基本原理-课件,22,免疫模型,Immunity Model,Maternal Ab typically,lasts for 3-4 weeks.,母源抗体一般持续34周,Immunodeficient Sow,or Poor Colostrum Intake,Vaccinated Sow,Unvacc.Sow,Birth 3 weeks,Immunity,免疫缺陷的母猪，,或初乳摄入不足,免疫模型 Immunity ModelMaternal Ab,23,6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 周,伪狂犬病免疫模型,PRV Ab lasts up,to 16 weeks.,伪狂犬病母源抗体可持续16周,Immunodeficient Sow,or Poor Colostrum Intake,Vaccinated Sow,Unvacc.Sow,Birth weeks,免疫缺陷的母猪，,或初乳摄入不足,6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22,24,免疫模型,Ab response after single vaccination,一次免疫接种后的抗体应答,免疫模型Ab response after single v,25,免疫模型,Booster Effect,强化效果,免疫模型Booster Effect,26,免疫模型,母原抗体干扰,Maternal Ab,Interference,免疫缺陷的母猪，,免疫模型免疫缺陷的母猪，,27,免疫模型,理想免疫模式为在被动免疫消失前激活主动免疫,Combined Maternal,and Active Immunity,免疫模型理想免疫模式为在被动免疫消失前激活主动免疫Combi,28,免疫和感染,Immunity and Infection,感染压力,Infection exposure,免疫水平,Immune level,生病,健康,Health,Sickness,免疫和感染Immunity and Infection感染,29,免疫和感染,Light exposure,感染压力小,Immunized,免疫良好,生病,健康,免疫和感染,Immunity and Infection,Health and prosperity,免疫和感染Light exposure生病健康免疫和感染I,30,免疫和感染,感染压力大,免疫不足,发病，经济损失,健康,Disease and Economic Loss,Heavy Exposure,Immunity not Enough,免疫和感染感染压力大免疫不足发病，经济损失健康Disease,31,Variability of Immunity,免疫力的变异性,Seasonal Factors,季节因素,Environmental Factors,环境因素,Stressors,应激因素,Nutritional Deficiencies,营养缺陷,Variability of Immunity免疫力的变异,32,免疫模型,免疫模型,Exposure,Very High,High,Low,Immunity,免疫缺陷的母猪，,免疫模型免疫模型ExposureVery HighHighL,33,免疫模型,Exposure,Very High,Hig