单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The-ing Participle,The-ing Participle,动词,-ing,形式的构成：,是在动词末,加,-ing,形式构成。,do-doing,ask-asking,否定形式：,not+-ing,构成,2.,动词,-ing,形式不能单独作谓语，没,人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的,宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。,动词,-ing,形式,动词-ing形式的构成：是在动词末动词-ing形式,动词,-ing,形式时态和语态,动词-ing形式时态和语态,动词,-ing,形式时态和语态,动词-ing形式时态和语态,动名词的时态和语态,完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动,作之前发生。例如,I regret,not having taken,your advice,.,He didint mention,having met,you before,2.,被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对 象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：,Being called,a fool,doesnt bother him at all.,动名词的时态和语态完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表,二,.,动名词的性质,动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为,：,1.,动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰,I hope you dont mind,my saying,it.,2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语,Are you for or against,having the meeting,.,I insisted on,leaving at once,.,二.动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具,一、动词,-ing,形式作主语,1.,动词,-ing,形式作主语，表示一般或抽象的习惯性行为，谓语动词用单数。,如：,Reading aloud is,very important for us to learn a foreign language.,Going to bed early and getting up early is,considered to be a good habit.,三,.,动名词的功用,一、动词-ing形式作主语三.动名词的功用,2.,在一些句子中，常用,it,作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放到句末。,如：,It is very important remembering,others names.,It is no use crying,over spilt milk.,2.在一些句子中，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主,no use,no good,no fun,Its+,a shame,+doing,a waste of time/money,useless,dangerous,There is no+doing.,这种结构的意思相当于“,It is impossible to do,”,no use,Looking after the patients is a nurses job.,It is no good objecting,.,It is no use crying.,Its dangerous playing with fire.,Its a waste of time copying others,homework.,There is no joking about the matter.,There is no hiding of evil but not to do it.,若要人不知，除非己莫为。,Looking after the patients is,2.,可作宾语,S.+,vt,.,+doing,Have you finished reading the book?,I suggest doing it in a different way,.,在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：,避免错过,延期,avoid miss delay/postpone,建议完成,练习,suggest/advise finish practise,喜欢想象,禁不住,enjoy/appreciate/imagine/,resist/cant help,承认 否定,嫉妒,admit deny envy,逃脱 冒险,原谅,escape/risk/pardon/,excuse,忍受 保持,在意,stand keep/keep on mind,2.可作宾语 S.+vt.+doingHave y,注：在动词,advise,allow,forbid(,禁止,),，,permit,（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。,We dont allow people to,fish,here.,People,are not,allowed to,fish,here.,eg.They often advise not smoking in the public.,He often advises his father not to smoke in the house.,注：在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止),put off,give up,S.+,keep on,+doing,succeed in,cant help,feel like,be busy,be worth,have difficulty/trouble/problem(in),作介词,/,短语动词的宾语,:,S.+,v.+,prep.,+doing,put off,“,to,”,为,介词,的短语,be /get used to,doing,get down to,doing,pay attention to,doing,lead to,doing,look forward,to doing,object to,doing,in addition to,doing,stick to,doing,(,导致,),(,反对,),(,坚持,),“to”为介词的短语be /get used to do,e.g.,She sat there without(speak),I look forward to(see)him again.,Are you used to(live)there alone?,When my father heard the news,he couldnt help(laugh).,I dont feel like(go)to see the film.,He was busy(prepare)his lessons.,e.g.,主动表被动,:,want (,需要,),need (,需要,),require (,需要,),Sth.+,doing,be worth (,值得,),使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义,to be done,使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义,主动表被动:want,The room wants(clean).,The method needs(improve).,This pair of shoes require(mend).,The problem needs(work out).,The question is well worth(discuss),The room wants(clean).,d）动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。意义并无很大区别。,当用在 should,would之后时，只跟不定式,。例如：,I like,swimming,but I dont like,to swim,this afternoon,.,我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。,What would you like,to eat,tonight?,你今晚上想吃什么？,d）动词“like,love,hate,prefer,forget doing(,已做,)forget to do(,未做,),go on doing(,同一件事,)go on to do(,另一件事,),mean doing(,意味着,)mean to do,（打算做）,regret doing,（做过）,regret to do,（将做）,remember doing,（做过）,remember to do,（去做）,try doing,（试着做）,try to do,（努力去做）,stop doing,（停止做）,stop to do,（停下来去做）,e).,一些特殊的动词充当谓语时，后面宾语既可是动名词，也可会不定式，表达的意义差别很大。,forget doing(已做),动名词的复合结构,动名词复合结构的形式,a)名词所有格/物主代词+动名词，如：,I insist on,Marys going there,.我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。,I had not heard of,your being ill,.我没听说你病了。,b)名词通格/人称代词宾格+动名词，如：,Usually at the beginning of school,the noise of,desks being opened and closed,could be heard out in the street.,In fact,I think its very much nicer without him,if you dont mind,me saying so,.,带有逻辑主语的动名词叫做“动名词复合结构”,动名词的复合结构 带有逻辑主语的动名词叫做“动名词复合结构”,