单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Identify what you are,talking about,Identify what you are,Read and Answer,1.Some students can pass an examination more easily,mean that they are better with their study than others.,(),2.Students can succeed without hard work.(),3.What kind of students are“good”student?,Spend much time working on their lesson,every day.,F,F,Read and Answer1.Some student,一、物主代词和名词所有格可以修饰名词词组,,表示所属关系。,Word Tool Box,my your his her your our,Toms,bed,Marys,coat,a mans,shoes,a womans,bag,my mothers,watch,一、物主代词和名词所有格可以修饰名词词组,Word Tool,二、名词词组前面可以用冠词修饰,用定冠词修,饰一般是特指;不定冠词修饰一般是泛指。,Word Tool Box,a,university,a,book,an,hour,an,animal,the,seed,the,egg,the,moon,the,sun,the,pot,the,star,a,garden,二、名词词组前面可以用冠词修饰,用定冠词修Word Tool,Article,1.,冠词的含义,:,冠词,(,Article,)是一种虚词,在句子,中不重读,本身不能独立使用,只能放在名词前帮助说,明名词所指的人或事物。,2.,冠词的分类,:英语词性中最小的一类,只有三个,一,种是,不定冠词,(,Indefinite Article,),一种是,定冠词,(,Definite Article,)。此外也有些特定场合不用冠词,,即通常所称的,零冠词,(,Zero Article,)。其中冠词简称,“,art,.”,Article1.冠词的含义:冠词(Article)是一种虚,A.,不定冠词:,不定冠词,a(an),与数词,one,同源,是“一,个,”,的意思。,a,用于辅音音素前,一般读作,e,,而,an,则用于元音音素,前,一般读做,an,。,a girl,一个女孩,an answer,一个答案,a gift,一个礼物,an orange,一个橙子,判断一个词是元音开头还是辅音开头,是根据其读音,,而不是字母。,a house,一个房子,an hour,一个小时,a useful book,一本有用的书,an umbrella,一把雨伞,A.不定冠词:不定冠词a(an)与数词one 同源,是“,不定冠词的用法:,(1),表示,一个,,意为,one,;,指某人或某物,意为,a certain,A Mr.Ling is waiting for you.,(2),代表一类人或物。,A knife is a tool for cutting with.,Mr.Smith is an engineer.,(3),词组或成语。,a little/a few/a lot of/a type of/in a hurry/in a,minute/in a word,(4),不定冠词在句子中最大的语法功能是:用在可数名词,单数形式前表示泛指,-,表明一类人或事物区别于它类。,I am a Chinese,.,我是,(,一个,),中国人。,This is a book.,这是(一本)书。,不定冠词的用法:(1)表示一个,意为one;指某人或某,B.,定冠词:只有,the,。,定冠词具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物,表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个。,1.,特指某(些)人或某(些)事。,eg,:,This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.,2.,指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物。,eg,:,Open the door,please.,3.,指上文提到过的人或事物。,eg,:,Li Wei lives on a farm.The farm is not big.,4.,表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物,eg,:,the earth,地球,the sun,太阳,B.定冠词:只有the。定冠词具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事,5.,用在序数词和形容词的最高级前,eg,:,January is the first month of the year.,Shanghai is the biggest city in China.,6.,由普通名词构成的专有名词前,eg,:,the Great Wall,长城,the West Lake,西湖,7.,在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等,地理名词前,eg,:,the Pacific Ocean,太平洋,8.,和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表,一类人或物,eg,:,the good,好人,the old,老人,5.用在序数词和形容词的最高级前,三、有时候名词词组前既不用定冠词也不用不定,冠词,我们可以说名词词组被“零冠词”修饰。,Word Tool Box,by bus by car by plane,by subway go to school,go to church at home,come back from work,三、有时候名词词组前既不用定冠词也不用不定Word Too,C.,使用零冠词的场合,1.,专有名词前一般不加冠词,eg,:,London,is the capital of England,Lu Xun,is a great Chinese writer,2.,一些抽象的不可数名词前,不加冠词。,eg,:,Life is short,;,art is long.,3.,在表示职位、头衔、身份等名词前,eg,:,Professor Wang,王教授,Doctor Tompson,汤普生医生,4.,季节、月份、星期以及节假日等名词前,eg,:,Summer begins in June in this part of the country,We have no classes on,(,/,),Sunday,C.使用零冠词的场合1.专有名词前一般不加冠词,5.,在语言,科学,三餐,球类等名词前不用冠词,eg,:,Mr.Smith cant speak Chinese.,Can you play basketball,?,6,.,在人名,称呼语,头衔,职务等名词前,eg,:,Wheres Dad,?,What color is Mr.Greens coat?,7,.,在一个以“普通名词(或形容词最高级),+as/though,”,引导的让步状语从句,不加冠词。,eg,:,Shortest though he is,,,he runs fastest in our class.,8,.,在某些固定的词组中,eg,:,in fact,事实上,in bed,在床上,on purpose,故意,by hand,手工,by accident,偶然,5.在语言,科学,三餐,球类等名词前不用冠词,四、不定代词修饰名词词组时,意义丰富,区别,细微,需要仔细理解和体会。,Word Tool Box,both neither either each,every all none no,most other another others,四、不定代词修饰名词词组时,意义丰富,区别Word Too,不定代词,1.,含义:不定代词,即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容,词的代词。不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在,句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。,2,.,常用不定代词,:,some,any,no,every,all,each,both,none,either,neither,等,3,.,由,body,one,thing,构成的合成代词,:,somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody,someone,anyone,everyone,no one,something,anything,everything,nothing,不定代词1.含义:不定代词,即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容2,常见不定代词的用法:,1,some,一些,某些,某个,不定代词,some,可以代替名词和形容词,常用在肯定句中,作主语,(,也可以在以,would,may,can,could,疑问词开头的句子做主语)、宾语、定语等。作定语时,它可以修饰可数名词(单、复数皆可)和不可数名词。,例如:,some are doctors,some are nurses,(作主语),2,any,一些,任何,不定代词,any,可以代替名词和形容词,常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时,它可以修饰可,数名词(多为复数)和不可数名词。,例如:,there isnt any ink in my pen,(作定语),常见不定代词的用法:1some 一些,某些,某个2any,3,all,全体,所有(指三者以上,包括三者),不定代词,all,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。它可以代表或修饰可数名词和不可数名词。代表或修饰可数名词时,指两个以上的人或物。作先行词时,引导词用,that,。,例如:,All were present at the meeting.,(作主语,代表可数名词),4,both,全部,都,不定代词,both,指两个人或事物。和,all,一样,可以用作主,语、宾语、定语或同位语。,例如:,We invited both to come to our farm,(作宾语),3all 全体,所有(指三者以上,包括三者)4both,5,either,两者之中的任何一个,这个或那个。,不定代词,either,可以作主语、宾语和定语。,例如,:,Either of them will agree to this arrangement.,6,neither,两者都不,不定代词,neither,是,either,的否定形式,,,可以作主语、宾,语和定语。,例如,:,Neither is interesting,(,作主语,),7,each,每个,各自的,不定代词,each,指每一个人或事物的个别情况,甚至指这,些个别情况各不相同。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定,语和同位语。,例如:,She gave the children two apples each,(,作,t,he children,的同位语。,),5either 两者之中的任何一个,这个或那个。,五、指示代词的功能也是特指,特指“哪一,个”或“哪一些”。,Word Tool Box,this that,these those,五、指示代词的功能也是特指,特指“哪一Word Tool,指示代词,1.,定义,:指示代词,是表示指示概念的代词,即用来指,示或标识人或事物的代词。,2.,功能,:指示代词在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语和,定语。,主语,:,This,is the way to do it.,这事儿就该这样做。,宾语,:,I like this better than,that,.,我喜欢这个多于那个。,表语,:,My point is,this,.,我的观点就是如此。,定语,:,This,room is mine.,这间房间是我的。,指示代词1.定义:指示代词,是表示指示概念的代词,即用来指2,六、疑问词或疑问词语的一个重要功能是引,出特殊疑问句。,Word Tool Box,whose wh