Cliquez et modifiez le titre,Cliquez pour modifier les styles du texte du masque,Deuxime niveau,Troisime niveau,Quatrime niveau,Cinquime niveau,Cliquez et modifiez le titre,Cliquez pour modifier les styles du texte du masque,Deuxime niveau,Troisime niveau,Quatrime niveau,Cinquime niveau,Cliquez et modifiez le titre,Cliquez pour modifier les styles du texte du masque,Deuxime niveau,Troisime niveau,Quatrime niveau,Cinquime niveau,*,*,世界卫生组织全球糖尿病报告课件,Scope of the report,Burden of diabetes,Preventing diabetes,Managing diabetes,National response,Recommendations,Scope of the report Burden of,Burden of Diabetes,Burden of Diabetes,Diabetes,is a serious,chronic,disease,characterized by elevated blood glucose,occurs either when the pancreas does not produce,enough insulin(type 1),or the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces(type 2).,Diabetes,Diabetes is one of the four major NCDs,Diabetes is one of the four ma,Risk factors,Type 1,Exact causes are unknown.,Type 2,Risk is determined by genetic and metabolic factors,Overweight/obesity and physical inactivity are the strongest risk factors,Fetal&early childhood nutrition affect future risk,Risk factorsType 1,Complications of diabetes,Complications of diabetes,108 million,422 million,Rise in diabetes,1980,2014,108 million422 millionRise in,Rise is faster in low-and middle-income countries,Rise is faster in low-and mi,Increase in diabetes is most marked in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region,Increase in diabetes is most m,Deaths due to,high blood glucose,3.7 Million,Deaths due to diabetes,1.5 Million,Mortality from diabetes,43%of deaths occurred under the age of 70 years,Deaths due to diabetesMortalit,Economic impact of diabetes,Catastrophic medical expenditure significantly higher in people with diabetes.,Direct,annual cost of diabetes globally US$827 billion.,Losses in GDP worldwide estimated to be US$1.7 trillion from 2010 to 2030,Economic impact of diabetesCat,Diabetes and the global NCD agenda,2011 UN Political Declaration on NCDs,NCD Global Action Plan 2013-2020,NCD Targets for 2025 Halt the rise in Diabetes,SDG target-One third reduction in premature mortality from NCDs(including Diabetes),Diabetes and the global NCD ag,PREVENTING DIABETES,PREVENTING DIABETES,Overweight and obesity increasing,2014,1 in 3 overweight,1 in 10 obese,Overweight and obesity increas,Preventing type 2 diabetes at the population level,Multisectoral approaches,to reduce the prevalence of modifiable diabetes risk factors,A combination of,fiscal policies,legislation,changes to the environment and raising awareness of health risks,can promote healthier diets,and,physical activity.,Preventing type 2 diabetes at,Healthy work places,Healthy work places,School-based approach,School-based approach,Preventing type 2 diabetes in people at high risk,Diabetes can be delayed or prevented,in people who are overweight and have impaired glucose tolerance(IGT).,Diet and physical activity are more,effective than medication.,The high-risk approach needs to be implemented in accordance with available resources.,Preventing type 2 diabetes in,MANAGING DIABETES,MANAGING DIABETES,Diagnosing diabetes,Diabetes is diagnosed by,measuring glucose in blood,Fasting,2 hours after a 75g oral load of glucose,measuring glycated haemoglobin(HbA1c),High proportion of type 2 diabetes is undiagnosed.,Diagnosing diabetesDiabetes is,Management of diabetes,Good management can prevent complications and premature death using:,standard guidelines and protocols(WHO Package of Essential NCD interventions),small set of generic medicines,diet and physical activity,patient education about self-care,regular screening for early detection and treatment of complications.,Management of diabetesGood man,Access to affordable insulin,People with type 1,diabetes,require,insulin for,survival.,People with type 2 diabetes often need insulin,Low-income countries generally pay most for insulin,while high-and middle-income countries pay least.,Only 23%of low-income countries report that insulin is generally available.,Access to affordable insulinPe,Early detection and treatment of complications,End-stage,renal disease,Measurement,of urine protein,progression,to kidney failure can be slowed by,essential,drugs,Cardiovascular diseases,Measure and control cardiovascular risk factors,Blindness,Periodic eye examinations and timely,laser photocoagulation,Lower limb amputation,Proper footwear and regular,examination of feet,Provide rehabilitation,Early detection and treatment,Integrated management of diabetes and other chronic health conditions,Diabetes management should be integrated with,management of other NCDs,and,in some settings with tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS.,Integrated management of diabe,NATIONAL RESPONSE,NATIONAL RESPONSE,National capacity for prevention and control of diabetes,(NCD CCS 2015-177 countries),156 countries have a national diabetes policy,plan or strategy,only 127 are funded and operational.,68%of countries have operational po