单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第九章 渐近法,力矩分配法的概念及基本运算,多结点力矩分配法渐进运算,无剪力分配法,力矩分配法位移法联合应用,超静定力影响线,连续梁的最不利荷载及内力包络图,1,第九章 渐近法力矩分配法的概念及基本运算1,力矩分配法的,理论基础:位移法;,计算对象:杆端弯矩;,计算方法:逐渐逼近的方法;,适用范围:连续梁和无侧移刚架。,1、转动刚度S:,表示杆端抵抗转动的能力。,使杆端发生单位转角时需在杆端施加的力矩。,1,S,AB,=4,i,1,S,AB,=3,i,S,AB,=,i,1,S,AB,=,0,S,AB,与杆的,i,(材料的性质、横截面,的形状和尺寸、杆长)及远端支承,有关,,S,AB,=4,i,1,而与近端支承无关。,9-1 力矩分配法的基本概念及基本运算,2,力矩分配法的理论基础:位移法;1、转动刚度S:表示杆端抵抗转,因此,在确定杆端转动刚度时:,近端看位移,(是否为单位位移),远端看支承,(远端支承不同,转动刚度不同)。,M,AB,1,M,AB,M,AB,1,1,1,M,AB,下列那种情况的杆端弯矩,M,AB,=S,AB,3,因此,在确定杆端转动刚度时:近端看位移(是否为单位位移)M,1、转动刚度S:,表示杆端对转动的抵抗能力。,在数值上=仅使杆端发生单位转动时需在杆端施加的力矩。,1,S,AB,=4,i,1,S,AB,=3,i,S,AB,=,i,1,S,AB,=,0,S,AB,与杆的,i,(材料的性质、横截面的形状和尺寸、杆长)及远端支承有关,,S,AB,=4,i,1,而与近端支承无关。,2、传递系数,C,:,杆端转动时产生的远端弯矩与近端弯矩的比值。,即:,传递系数与远端支承有关,2,i,i,0,C=1/2,C=1,C=0,远端支承,转动刚度,传递系数,固定,铰支,定向支座,4,i,3,i,i,1/2,1,0,4,1、转动刚度S:表示杆端对转动的抵抗能力。,3、单结点结构在集中结点力偶作用下的力矩分配法,i,B,C,A,M,M,iA,=,4,i=S,iA,M,iB,=,3,i=S,iB,M,iC,=i=S,iC,M,=,M,iA,+M,iB,+M,iC,M=0,a)分配系数和分配力矩,注,:,1),称为力矩分配系数,结点力矩按分,配系数分配与各杆近端。,2)分配力矩是杆端转动时产生的近端,弯矩,。,3),=,1,4)结点集中力偶荷载顺时针为正。,2、传递系数C:,杆端转动时产生的远端弯矩与近端弯矩的比值。即:,b)传递系数和传递力矩,M,c,ji,=,CM,u,ij,j=A,B,C,注,:,1),传递力矩是杆端转动时产生的远端弯矩,。,2)只有分配弯矩才能向远端传递。,5,3、单结点结构在集中结点力偶作用下的力矩分配法 iBC,4、单结点结构在跨中荷载作用下的力矩分配法,200kN,20kN/m,3,m,3,m,6,m,3,i,4,i,A,B,C,200kN,20kN/m,A,B,C,A,B,C,1)锁住结点,150,150,90,2)放松结点,M,B,=15090=60,M,B,M,B,m,BA,m,BC,M,B,=60,S,BA,=43,i=,12,i,S,BC,=34,i=,12,i,BA,=12,i,/24,i,=1/2,BC,=12,i,/24,i,=1/2,30,30,15,3)叠加1)、2)得到最后杆端弯矩,1/2,1/2,150,m,F,ij,150,90,30,30,15,M,ij,165,120,120,A,B,C,M图(kN.m),165,120,90,300,不平衡力矩=,固端弯矩之和,节点不平衡力,矩要变号分配.,M,ij,=m,F,i j,+,M,u,i j,+,M,c,i j,6,4、单结点结构在跨中荷载作用下的力矩分配法200kN,i,=1,i,=1,i,=2,2,m,2,m,4,m,4,m,A,B,C,D,40kN/m,100kN,15kN,例:,用力矩分配法计算,画M图。,解:1)求,大家算,AB,=,AC,=,AD,=,4/9,2/9,3/9,2)求,m,F,ij,计算m,F,AB,=,m,F,BA,=,m,F,AD,=,50,50,80,M=15,M,A,m,AB,m,AD,m,AC,M+M,A,=,m,F,AB,+,m,F,AD,+,m,F,AC,M,=508015=45,结点,B,A,C,D,杆端,分配系数,BA,AB,AD,AC,CA,DA,4/9,3/9,2/9,分配与传递,20,固端弯矩,50,50,80,10,15,10,10,最后弯矩,40,70,65,10,10,40,70,100,10,80,M图(kN.m),7,i=1i=1i=22m2m4m4mABCD,9-2 多结点力矩分配法渐进运算,24kN/m,50kN,128,128,75,M,B,=128,M,C,=53,M,B,24kN/m,50kN,4,m,4,m,8,m,8,m,A,B,C,D,2EI,2EI,EI,取EI=8,i,=2,i,=2,i,=1,BA,=0.6,BC,=0.4,CB,=0.4,CD,=0.6,76.8 51.2,25.6,M,C,=78.6,M,C,=78.6,31.4 47.2,15.7,15.7,15.7,9.4 6.3,25.6,分配系数,逐次放松结点进行分配与传递,固端弯矩,最后弯矩,0.6,0.4,0.4,0.6,128,128,75,51.2,76.8,25.6,31.4,47.2,15.7,6.3,9.4,3.2,1.3,1.9,0.7,0.3,0.4,0.2,0.1,0.1,0,86.6,86.6,124.2,124.2,8,9-2 多结点力矩分配法渐进运算,4,m,4,m,8,m,8,m,24kN/m,50kN,A,B,C,C,86.6,124.2,192,i,=2,i,=2,i,=1,100,M图(kN.m),i,=2,i,=2,i,=1,i,=2,i,=2,i,=1,i,=2,i,=2,i,=1,9,4m4m8m8m24kN/m50kNA,注 意:,1)单结点力矩分配法得到精确解,多结点力矩分配法得到,渐近解。,2)首先从结点不平衡力矩绝对值较大的结点开始。,3)结点不平衡力矩要变号分配。,4)结点不平衡力矩的计算:,结点不平衡力矩,(第一轮第一结点),固端弯矩之和,(第一轮第二三结点),固端弯矩之和,加传递弯矩,传递弯矩,(其它轮次各结点),总等于附加刚臂上的约束力矩,5)不能同时放松相邻结点(因定不出其转动刚度和传递系数),但可以同时放松所有不相邻的结点,以加快收敛速度。,10,注 意:结点不平衡力矩(第一轮第一结点)固端弯矩之和(第一轮,4I,4I,5I,3I,3I,1,1,1,0.75,0.5,i=,1,1,1,0.75,0.5,A,B,C,D,E,F,5m,4m,4m,4m,2m,20kN/m,例题,求图示刚架,的弯矩图。,解:1)求分配系数,S,BA,=3 S,BC,=4,S,BE,=43/4=3 S,CB,=4,S,CD,=3 S,CF,=41/2=2,结点B:S=S,BA,+S,BC,+S,BE,3+4+3=10,BA,=3/10=0.3,BC,=4/10=0.4,BE,=3/10=0.3,CB,=4/9=0.445,CD,=3/9=0.333,CF,=2/9=0.222,结点C:S=S,CB,+S,CD,+S,CF,4+3+2=9,1)求固端弯矩,m,kN,ql,m,F,CB,.,7,.,41,12,2,=,=,m,kN,ql,m,F,BC,.,7,.,41,12,2,-,=,-,=,m,kN,ql,m,F,BA,.,40,8,2,=,=,11,4I4I5I3I3I1110.750.5i=1110.750,A,B,C,D,E,F,BA,=3/10=0.3,BC,=4/10=0.4,BE,=3/10=0.3,CB,=4/9=0.445,CD,=3/9=0.333,CF,=2/9=0.222,m,kN,ql,m,F,Bc,.,7,.,41,12,2,-,=,-,=,m,kN,ql,m,F,BA,.,40,8,2,=,=,m,F,CB,=41.,7kN.m,BA,BE,BC,CB,CF,CD,0.3,0.3,0.4,0.445,0.222,0.333,40,41.7,41.7,18.5 9.3 13.9,9.3,3.3 3.3 4.4,4041.79.3=11,2.2,1.0 0.5 0.7,0.5,0.15 0.15 0.2,43.4 3.5 46.5,24.4 9.8 14.8,EB,1.6,0.1,1.7,FC,4.7,0.2,4.9,12,ABCD EFBA=3/10=0.3BC=,A,B,C,D,E,F,20kN/m,43.4,46.9,24.4,14.6,9.8,4.9,3.5,1.7,M图(kN.m),A,B,C,D,E,F,29.1,50.9,54.5,45.5,3.7,1.3,2.5,F,S,图(kN),A,B,C,D,E,F,49.2,105.4,2.5,F,N,图(kN),1.2,13,ABCDEF20kN/m43.,静定伸臂的处理,例题,作图示梁的M图。,50kN,1,m,1,m,5,m,50kN,50,S,BA,=15,EI=常数,5,i=,5,i=,1,S,BC,=3,BA,=5/6,BC,=1/6,5/6,1/6,20.8,m,M,50,25,4.2,20.8,20.8,50,50kN,20.8,50,M图(kN.m),A,B,C,14,静定伸臂的处理例题 作图示梁的M图。50kN1m1m5m50,4EI,4EI,2EI,2EI,用力矩分配法计算,作M图。,取EI=5,i,=4,i=4,i=2.5,i=2.5,2kN/m,20kN,5,m,5,m,1,m,4m,20kN,20,结点,杆端,A,E,B,C,F,AB,EB,BE,BA,BC,CB,CF,FC,m,0.263,0.316,0.421,0.615,0.385,0,0,0,31.25,20.83,20.83,0,0,(20),2.74 3.29 4.39,1.37,2.20,M,B,=31.2520.83=10.42,M,C,=20.83202.2=1.37,0.84 0.53,0.27,0.42,0.10 0.14 0.18,0.05,0.09,A,B,C,E,F,15,4EI4EI2EI2EI用力矩分配法计算,作M图。取EI=5,结点,杆端,A,E,B,C,F,AB,EB,BE,BA,BC,CB,CF,FC,m,0.263,0.316,0.421,0.615,0.385,0,0,0,31.25,20.83,20.83,0,0,(20),2.74 3.29 4.39,1.37,2.20,0.84 0.53,0.27,0.42,0.10 0.14 0.18,0.05,0.09,0.06 0.03,0.02,0.03,0.01 0.01 0.01,M,0,1.42,2.85,27.80,24.96,19.94,0.56,0.29,计算之前,去掉静定伸臂,将其上荷载向结点作等效平移。,有结点集中力偶时,结点不平衡力矩=固端弯矩之和结点集中,力偶(顺时针为正),16,结点杆端AEBCFABEBBEBABCCBCFFCm0.2,20kN/m,3,m,3m,3m,2,i,i,i,i,i,i,4,i,2i,S,AG,=4,i,20kN/m,1.5,m,i,i,A,C,E,G,H,S,AC,=4,i,S,CA,=4,i,S,CH,=2,i,S,CE,=4,i,AG,=0.5,AC,=0.5,CA,=0.4,CH,=0.2,CE,=0.4,结点,杆端,A,C,E,AG,AC,CA,CH,CE,EC,m,0.5,0.5,0.4,0.2,0.4,15,17,20kN/m3m3m3m2iiiiii4,0.5,0.5,0.4,0.2,0.4,15,7.5 7.5,3.75,