单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/6/17,#,现在完成时态,现在完成时态,1,一、教学目标,1.掌握现在完成时的用法。,2.能够区分现在完成时和一般过去时.,3.能够解决下列这类试题:,-Do you know our city at all?,-No,this is the first time I_ here.,A.was B.come C.have come D.had come,二、知识引入,taught,一般过去时,now,will teach,一般将来时,is teaching,（正在发生,）,now,一般现在进行时,past twoyears(,has taught,),two years ago,现在完成时,now,一、教学目标taughtnowwill teachis te,2,He,taught,in our school 2 years ago.两年前他在我们学校教学。,He,will teach,in our school next month.下个月他将在我们学校教学。,He,is teaching,in our school right now.他目前正在我们学校教学。,He has taught in our school for two years.他在我们学校教学已经有两年了。,三、知识讲解,1.定义,表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可以表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。,2.基本结构,(1)肯定形式:have/has+动词过去分词+.,I have already finished my homework.,(2)否定形式:have/has+not+动词过去分词+.,I have not finished my homework yet.,(3)疑问形式:Have/Has+.+动词过去分词+.?,-Have you finished your homework?,-,-,Yes,I have.1 No,I havent.,He taught in our school 2 year,3,3.动词过去分词的变化规则,规则变化,与过去式规则相同。,(1)一般直接在词尾加上ed。look-ooked,(2)以e结尾的动词,直接加d。move-moved,(3)以y结尾,y前面是辅音字母的动词,变y为i,再加ed。carry-carried,(4)部分动词需双写尾字母,加ed。stop-stopped,不规则变化,1,be,动词（,ABC,型）,2,AB,型,may might,3,AAA,型,cost cost cost,3,AAB,型,beat beat,4,ABA,型,become became become,5,ABB,型,bring brought brought,3.动词过去分词的变化规则1,be 动词（ABC型）,4,4,.现在完成时的基本用用法,过发现影”,现在完成时表示之前,已发生或完成的动作或状态,对,现在,造成的,影响,，简称,过发现影,。常用的,时间状语,有ever,never,twice(once.),so far,in the pastlast few years,already(用于肯定句)，yet(用于否定、疑问句)。just,before,rently,e.g.I have never traveled by plane before.我之前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。,She has already finished her homework.她已经完成作业了。,Have you found your watch yet?你已经找到手表了吗?,Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。,备注：,该用法的现在完成时表示-一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个动作对现在仍有影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。,如汉语说“她已经写完作业了”,其中的“写作业“肯定发生了,它对现在的影响或结果就是“她先不用再写作业了,可以干别的了,比如看电视等”;又如汉语说有人把窗户打破了”，显然“打破窗户这一动作发生在过去,并且在过去已经完成了,但说话人强调的重点是打破窗户对现在的影响一窗户现在仍是破的(比如现在正在刮大风,窗户破了,风就刮进来了)。,4.现在完成时的基本用用法,5,“过发持续,现在完成时表示从之前持续到现在的动作或状态,简称过发持续。常见的标志词有,for+时段;,since+过去一个时间点或者一个一般过去时的句子。,My unde has worked at this factory for five years.我叔叔在这个工厂已经工作五年了。,Mr.Black has lived in China since 2002.,布莱克先生自2002年以来一直居住在中国。,He has worked for us since he left school.,他离开学校以后就一-直为我们工作。,备注,该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状态在过去并未完成或结束,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。,如汉语说:我叔叔在这个工厂已经工作五年了,显然叔叔的工作是从5年前开始,并且一直工作到现在,已经持续了5年;又如汉语说布莱克先生自2002年以来一直居住在中国,显然居住是从2002年开始的，并且这一住就一 直忙到现在。,注意:瞬时性动词(或者非延续性动词),即表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时,不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用,需将,非延续性动词转化为延续性动词,。,“过发持续,6,e.g.这本书我已经买了三个月了。,错误:Ihave bought the book for three months.,正确:I have had the book for three months.,你哥哥参军多长时间了?,错误:How long has your brother joined the army?,正确:How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?,备注：,常见的瞬间动词有;come,go,get to/reach/arive at,leave,buy,sel,open,close，get up,join/take part in,begin/start,return/give,borrow/lend,become/turn,bring/take,die,finish/end,receive/hear from,marry,break,lose,jump等。,备注：这是现在完成时的易错点之一。,瞬时性动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成,不能延续下去，即动作从开始到结束所持续的时间极短。瞬间动词往往表示动作的结果,或表示短暂性、一次性的动作。也就是说表示短暂时间动作的动词,不能表示动作的持续,这在意义上是矛盾的,所以也就不能跟表示一段时间的词连用。,练习1,判断下列句子表达正误,并解释原因:,He has come to Beijing since last year.x,He has lived in Beijing since last year.,He has joined the army for 3 years.,x,He has served in the army for 3 years.,He joined the army 3 years ago.,He has been a soldier for 3 years.,I,t is 3 years since he joined the army.,He has joined the army.,e.g.这本书我已经买了三个月了。,7,解析：,和:come是瞬时性动词,不能跟since连用;live是延续性动词,是可以的;,和:join是瞬时性动词,不能跟for+-段时间连用;serve在这里是表示服役”,是延续性动词;,和:join虽然是瞬时性动词,但是这里用的是一般过去时,是可以的;刚好是对join转化成延续性的另一种表示方法;,:join在since引导的从句中,用的是一般过去时,是可以的;,特殊句型 It is+一段时间+since.的句型与It has been+一段时间+sinc.意思相同。,如:It is/has been three years since the war broke out.自战争爆发以来已有三年了。,:join虽然是瞬时性动词,但是这个句子中没有出现表示延续性的时间状语，所以这里表示过去已经完成的动作,对现在的影响就是“他已经是一名军人了”。,解析：,8,练习2,1，His wife_ for ten years.,A.has been dead B.has been died C.has died D.died,答案,A,解析：考查现在完成时。瞬间动词不与for连用,瞬间动词die需改为延续动词be dead,故选A。,2,，短暂动词转换为延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。,(1)We returm to Beijing yesterday.,We,to Bejjing since,.,(2)The river became dirty last year.,The river,dity for,.,(3)The meeting finished at six.,The meeting,for six hours.,(4)He got to sleep two hours ago.,He,since two hours ago.,(5)They married in 1990.,They,since,.,练习2,9,(6)The door opened at six in the morning.,The door,for six hours.,备注,:,asleep是个形容词，表示睡着的,表示状态,所以sleep可以转换成be asleep;另外，fall asleep常常构成短语,表示睡着”,.,答案,(1)1:have 2:been 3:back 4:yesterday,(2)1:has 2:been,3:two,4:years,(3)1:has 2:been 3:over,(4)1:has 2:been 3:asleep,(5)1:have 2:been 3:married 4:1990,(6)1:has 2:been 3:open,常用句型,It is the first,/,second time th,a,t.结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。,It is the first time that I have visited the city.,It is the third time that the boy has been late.,这已经是这男孩第三次迟到了。,This is the.th,at,.结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。,This is the best film that I have(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。,This is the best cake I have ever had.,这是我吃过最好吃的蛋糕。,(6)The door opened at six in,10,5,.has/have gone to;has/have been to;has/have been in辨析,(1)have(has)been in表示,在某地呆多长时间,常与表示,一段时间的状语,连用,如:since,for,how long等。例如:,Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai f