,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,University of International Business and Economics Press,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,英美国家概况,The United States of America,Unit,11,History,The United States of America,Think about these questions before we start:,1.What do the native people of the United States prefer to be called?,2.How did the European settlement exert impact on the native people in North America?,3.By the eighteenth century,why did the United States have the historys greatest mass migration?,Warming-up Activities,Contents,The Early History,The Modern Times,The Origin of American History,1.The First Americans,Many questions remain unanswered in regard to the first Americans.About all that is known for certain is that they came from elsewhere and are primarily of Asiatic(Mongoloid)physical stock.,The Origin of American History,2.Europeans Arrive,The first known European to reach the shores of the United States may have been Giovanni Caboto(known in English as John Cabot).Although this is questioned by many,some scholars believe that he reached the coast of Maine in 1497.,The Origin of American History,3.European Roots in American Soil,North Europeans first settled along the mid-Atlantic and New England coasts.,There,they harvested timber(which was very scarce in Europe),fished,and cleared land on which to settle and farm.,The Origin of American History,4.Colonial Lands and Politics,The English settlers who made the first permanent habitation in this zone were,of course,the Puritans.,The Origin of American History,The Early History,The Independence,The American Civil War,The Expansion,1,2,3,1.,The Independence,The Struggle for the Constitution,17631877,The Constitutional Convention(also known as the Philadelphia Convention,1 the Federal Convention,or the Grand Convention at Philadelphia)took place from May 14 to September 17,1787,in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,to address problems in governing the United States of America,which had been operating under the Articles of Confederation following independence from Great Britain.,2.The American Civil War,Historical Background of the American Civil War,The Problems of Territorial Expansion and Attempts at Compromise,Economic Differences and the Moral Implications of Slavery,States Rights and Nationalism,2.The Civil War,The American Civil War(18611865),in the United States often referred to as The Civil War and sometimes called the“War between the States,was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.Eleven southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America(“the Confederacy);the other 25 states supported the federal government(“the Union).After four years of warfare,mostly within the Southern states,the Confederacy surrendered and slavery was abolished everywhere in the nation.Issues that led to war were partially resolved in the Reconstruction Era that followed,though others remained unresolved.,2.The Civil War,Reconstruction,There was,therefore,a range of aims for Congressional Reconstruction which included:,the readmission of the Southern states;,the improvement of black rights(which some hoped would prevent an exodus of freed slaves to the North where they would come into direct competition with poor white workers);,the maintenance of the Northern/Republican dominance of government;,the economic rehabilitation of the South;,and possibly an element of vindictiveness following the Souths apparent reluctance to accept the verdict of war and the terms of their defeat.,2.The Civil War,The Significance of the Civil War,The term key turning point suggests the US took a significantly different path from the one it would have taken had the war not taken place.,Clearly the main results of the war were the triumph of the Union and the emancipation of black slaves.,The war had devastated large areas of the region as well as fundamentally changing its social and economic systems.,3.,The Expansion,Southward Expansion,The American South,in contrast,offered a humid subtropical climate with ample year-round moisture and a long,hot growing season.,Sadly,for more than 150 years,the Southern plantation economy depended on and thrived because of African slave labor.,3.,The Expansion,Westwards Expansion,The West came to represent an important element in the American psyche,taking on mythical proportions,and seemingly symbolising some sort of American ethos.,Although the pioneers and settlers travelled from east to west,the mining frontier advanced from west to east,following the discovery of gold in California in 1848.,3.,The Expansion,The“Gilded Age,In United States history,the Gilded Age was the period following the Civil War,running from the late 1860s to about 1896 when the next era began,the Progressive Era.,The term“Gilded Age