单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,人教版,英语,第26讲动词和动词短语,人教版英语第26讲动词和动词短语,1,动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。在语境中考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度越来越受到重视。考查的范围有:行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语的辨析。,大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。,动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。在语境中考查考生对基础知,2,1,第三人称单数形式的构成,一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时,,,谓语动词后要加s或es,,,其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。,1第三人称单数形式的构成,3,不规则变化的有havehas等。,不规则变化的有havehas等。,4,2,现在分词的构成,2现在分词的构成,5,考点聚焦第26讲动词和动词短语ppt课件人教新目标版,6,3.过去式和过去分词的构成,规则变化,3.过去式和过去分词的构成,7,不规则变化需单独记忆。,不规则变化需单独记忆。,8,高频考向一实义动词词义辨析,实义动词:本身有词义,,,能独立作谓语,,,根据后面是否带宾语,,,可分为及物动词和不及物动词。,1,及物动词,及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love,,,need,,,want等。它主要用于三种句型中:,动词宾语,如:,I bought some books yesterday.我昨天,买,了一些,书,。,(bought后有宾语books,,,为及物动词),动词宾语宾补,动词间接宾语直接宾语,高频考向一实义动词词义辨析,9,2,不及物动词,不及物动词本身有完整的意思,,,后不需接宾语。,如:,He always studies hard.他一直努力学,习,。,(study后无宾语,,,为不及物动词),若不及物动词需要带宾语,,,其后需加适当的介词,,,才可以跟宾语。,有的动词既可作及物动词,,,也可作不及物动词。,如:,She sings very well.她唱得很好。,(sing是不及物动词),She sang an English song just now.她,刚,才唱了一首英文歌。,(sing是及物动词),2不及物动词,10,【例,1,】,Hows Bob now?,I hear the company _ him a very good job,,,but he turned it down.,(,2014,,,武,汉,),A,donatedBservedCofferedDintroduced,解析:,donate,“,捐,赠,”,;serve,“,服,务,”,;offer,“,提供,”,;introduce,“,介,绍,”,。由,语,境可知句意,为,“,我听,说这,个公司,给,他提供了一个很好的工作,,,但是他拒,绝,了。,”,答案:,_,C,_,【例1】Hows Bob now?,11,【例,2,】,It was such a long way that they didnt _ the hotel until it became dark.,(,2015,,,哈,尔滨,),A,reach Barrive Cget,解析:,reach,为,及物,动词,;,arrive,为,不及物,动词,,,后接介,词,at或in构成及物,动词,短,语,;,get后接介,词,to,,,构成及物,动词,短,语,。由空格后的,the hotel可知,,,此,处应,用及物,动词,。,答案:,_,A,_,【例2】It was such a long way th,12,【例,3,】,Ill always stand by you when you are in need.,Its nice of you.Your support is really _.,(,2015,,,武,汉,),A,appreciated Bthanked,C,helped Ddepended,解析:,appreciate,“,感激,”,,,宾语,常,为,事或物;,thank,“,感,谢,”,,,宾语,常,为,人;,help,“,帮助,”,,,宾语,常,为,人;,depend,“,依,赖,”,,,常构成短,语,depend on,“,依靠,”,。上句句意,为,“,当你需要,时,,,我会一直支持你,”,,,由此可推知答,语,句意,为,“,你太好了,,,非常感激你的支持。,”,本句,为,被,动,句,,,your support,为,appreciate,动,作的承受者。,答案:,_,A,_,【例3】Ill always stand by you,13,高频考向二系动词和助动词的用法,1,系动词,本身有词义,,,但不能独立作谓语,,,须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am,,,is,,,are,,,was,,,were);用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep,,,stay,,,remain,,,stand等;表象系动词有look,,,seem,,,appear等;表示人的感觉的系动词有feel,,,smell,,,sound,,,taste等;表变化的系动词有become,,,get,,,grow,,,turn等。,2,助动词,本身无意义或意义不完整,,,不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用,,,帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be,,,have,,,has,,,had,,,do,,,does,,,did,,,will和shall等。,高频考向二系动词和助动词的用法,14,【例,4,】,This kind of peach looks really nice,,,but it _ very sour.,(,2014,,,宁波),A,tastes Blooks Cfeels Dsounds,解析:,由,语,境可知,“,这,种桃子看起来很好,,,但是,尝,起来很酸。,”,taste,“,尝,起来,”,;look,“,看起来,”,;feel,“,感,觉,”,;sound,“,听起来,”,。,答案:,_,A,_,【例4】This kind of peach looks r,15,【例,5,】,Would you like some Wenchang Chicken?It _ delicious.,Yes,,,please.Its my favorite.(,2015,,,海南),A,sounds Btastes Cfeels,解析:,sound,“,听起来,”,;taste,“,尝,起来,”,;feel,“,摸起来,,,感,觉,”,。主,语,it指代上句中的Wenchang Chicken,,,形容,词,delicious作表,语,,,鸡,肉,“,尝,起来,”,美味才是符合,逻辑,的表达。,答案:,_,B,_,【例5】Would you like some Wenc,16,【例,6,】,Do you like watching TV?,No,,,but my brother_.,A,does Bdo Cis Dlikes,解析:,通常我,们,用助,动词,替,代上文提到的,动词,,,以免重复。,my brother,为,第三人称,单,数,,,故,“,does,”,符合,题,意。,答案:,_,A,_,【例6】Do you like watching TV?,17,高频考向三情态动词的用法,情态动词有一定的词义,,,但不能独立作谓语,,,须与动词原形一起构成谓语,,,表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。,1,can(could),表能力,,,could为can的过去时。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时,,,而be able to能用于各种时态。,表可能性。,表许可。口语中可代替may。,高频考向三情态动词的用法,18,cant表有把握的否定判断,,,意为“不可能”。,could在口语中,,,常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。,cant表有把握的否定判断,意为“不可能”。,19,2,may(might),用来征求对方意见,,,意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间;也可指现在时间,,,语气更委婉。,表猜测和对可能性的判断,,,意为“可能;也许”。might可以指过去时间;也可指现在时间,,,语气更加不肯定。,2may(might),20,3,must,表说话人的主观意志,,,意为“必须,,,应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用neednt或dont have to,,,意为“不必”。注:have to意为“不得不;必须”,,,主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态,,,且有人称和数的变化。,must的否定形式为mustnt,,,意为“不许;一定不要”,,,表示禁止和告诫。,表示对事物的推测,,,意为“想必;一定”,,,只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。,3must,21,4,would,作情态动词时,,,无人称限制,,,表意愿,,,常与like,,,love连用。,5,should,表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),,,用于各种人称。,表推测,,,意为“想必一定;照说应该;估计”等。,4would,22,【例,7,】,Theres an important football match today.I _ miss it.,(,2015,,,河北),A,may Bcant Cmust Dneednt,解析:,may,“,可以,”,;cant,“,不能,”,;must,“,必,须,”,;neednt,“,不必,”,。由前句句意,“,今天有一,场,重要的足球,赛,”,可知,,,后句,应,意,为,“,我不能,错过,它,”,。,答案:,_,B,_,【例7】Theres an important foot,23,【例,8,】,Jenny finally got the job because she _ speak English well.,(,2015,,,佛山),A,might Bmust Ccould,解析:,might,为,may的,过,去式,,,意,为,“,可能;可以,”,;must,“,必,须,;一定,”,;could,为,can的,过,去式,,,意,为,“能,够,”。由前半句意思“珍妮最,终,得到了那份工作”可知,,,后半句意,为,“因,为,她英,语,能,说,得好”。,答案:,_,C,_,【例8】Jenny finally got the job,24,【例,9,】,Do you have any plans for this Sunday?,Im not sure.I _ go to the countryside to see my grandmother.,(,2015,,,安徽),A,can Bmust Cmay Dneed,解析:,由答,语,中关,键,信息,“,not sure(不确定),”,可推,测,出,,,后面一句所,谈,的活,动,安排只是一种可能。,答案:,_,C,_,【例9】Do you have any plans for,25,【例,10,】,Must I come up with the solution to the science project today?,No,,,you _.But you must make it _ 5 oclock tomorrow afternoon.,A,mustnt;at Bcant;before,C,dont have to;by Dneednt;in,解析:,以情,态动词,must开,头,的一般疑,问,句,,,否定回答,为,neednt或doesnt/dont have to,,,表示,“,没有必要,”,,,故排除A、B两,项