,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,专题三：,CIMS,系统设计方法之,IDEF0,现代集成制造系统,/,工业工程系,1,本节的主要内容,信息系统建模的根本过程及策略,信息系统建模的主要方法,IDEF,EPC,E-R,DFD,其他方法,2,什么是系统模型,模型（系统）是抽取研究对象的本质特征,忽略掉或精简掉一些非本质因素后的表示法。,这种表示法的形式：,数学公式；,缩小的物理装置；,图形表格；,某些特性或规则的语言文字的表达。,在研究过程中有一种共同语言,能毫不模糊地进行分析研究和交流。,3,什么是信息系统建模,信息系统模型,是客观数据世界的“纯粹反映,独立于DBMS,用各种图表来表示系统概念模式和逻辑模式,告诉阅读者：,本系统大致是什么样的,本系统是包含哪些主要局部,它们之间的关系,本系统的如何运作的,4,现实世界,信息世界,数据世界,事物类,事物,特征,实体集,实体,属性,文件,记录,数据项,事物及其联系,实体模型,数据模型,什么是信息系统建模,5,信息系统建模的根本过程,Domain,Definitions,Information,Flows of Interest,Functions,of Interest,Categories of,Information,Information,Definitions,Functions,in Domains,6,信息系统建模的根本策略,自顶向下：先全局,后细化,自底向上：先局部,后集成,由里向外：先核心,后扩充,混合策略：自顶向下+自底向上,7,信息系统建模的根本方法,在集成制造系统建模领域,已有假设干公认比较成熟的建模方法：,过程链模型EPC；,功能模型IDEF0；,数据流程图DFD；,信息模型E-R等。,说明：,目前没有一种建模方法能够全面地建立制造系统的模型。,8,IDEF,方法,1981年,在美国空军公布的ICAM（Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing）工程中,首次采用了名为“IDEF的方法。,IDEF是ICAM Definition Method的缩写,后来就称之为Integration Definition Method,简称IDEF,9,IDEF,方法,IDEF,方法族包括的主要方法,功能建模方法（,IDEF0,）,信息建模方法（,IDEF1,）,数据建模方法（,IDEF1,）,动态仿真建模方法（,IDEF2,）,过程描述方法（,IDEF3,）,面向对象设计方法（,IDEF4,）,本体论描述方法（,IDEF5,）,设计原理获取方法（,IDEF6,）,信息系统审定方法（,IDEF7,）,人机接口设计方法（,IDEF8,）,10,盒子的边表示所进入或离开的箭头的作用。它们分别是输入、控制、输出与机制,IDEF,方法,IDEF0描述系统的功能活动及其联系模型方法。,IDEF0模型由一系列图形组成,图形的元素由盒子及箭头构成。,盒子表示活动,箭头表示处理的事件。,11,输入输出（I/O）箭头：表示活动进行的是什么(what)；,控制（C）箭头：说明为何这么做(why）；,机制（M）箭头：表示如何做(how)。,盒子：动词,箭头：名词,IDEF,方法,Label,CONTROL,OUTPUT,INPUT,MECHANISM,ICOMs,12,Inputs,Real Objects or Data Needed to Perform a Function,Objects or Data Transformed by a Function,Labeled with a Noun or Noun Phrase,INPUTS,FUNCTION,13,Output,Objects or Data Produced as a Result of the Function,Labeled with a Noun or Noun Phrase,INPUTS,OUTPUTS,FUNCTION,14,Control,That which Governs the Accomplishment of the Function,Things that Influence or Determine the Outputs,Labeled with a Noun or Noun Phrase,INPUTS,OUTPUTS,CONTROLS,FUNCTION,15,Mechanism,Person,Device,or Data which Carries out the Function,The Means by which the Function is Performed,Labeled with a Noun or Noun Phrase,INPUTS,OUTPUTS,CONTROLS,MECHANISMS,FUNCTION,16,Syntax:,Context Diagram:is a model of the function at the highest level of inputs,controls,outputs,and mechanisms,Mechanisms,Function Name,Controls,Inputs,Outputs,items that trigger the activity,results of performing the activity,Guide or regulate the activity,systems,people,equipment used to perform the activity,IDEF根本元素小结,17,控制（C）：表示活动的条件、规则或约束；,输入（I）：表示为完成此活动所需要的数据；,输出（O）：表示执行活动时产生的数据；,机制（M）：是执行活动的人或设备。,说明：,1.每个活动盒子至少有一个输入或控制箭头,不允许既没有输入又没有控制。,2.输入与输出的关系就是活动（盒子）,是将输入数据转变为输出数据的一种变换。,IDEF根本元素小结,18,例子：,调资政策,IDEF,方法举例,19,收料,库存策略,采购策略,支付料款,退料,供给商,3PL,A0,A-0 Diagram,收料单,库管,IDEF,方法举例,20,Box and Arrow Relations in a Diagram,1,2,3,INPUT,OUTPUT TO INPUTS,OUTPUT,TO CONTROL,OUTPUT TO,MECHANISM,OUTPUT,ARROWS,BRANCHING,(Split),FEED BACK OUTPUT,TO CONTROL,(Join),关系,21,举例,一般关系,Build,System,A3,Design,System,A2,Establish,Reqmnts.,A1,Needs,Alternative Technologies,Knowledge of Previous Design,Customer,Expectations,Understanding of Customer Requirements,Requirements,Contract for Tradeoff Decisions,Design,Product,Raw Material,Analysis Methods,Design Methods,Fabrication Methods,IDEF,方法,22,IDEF0-Function Modeling,复杂关系,Split,Join,Split,Join,23,Join&Split,Join:Concepts B and C are joined,to form concept A.,Split:Concept A is unbundled into concepts B and C.,C,B,A,A,B,C,24,Join,FINISHED SUB-PARTS,PROCURED ITEMS,PRODUCTION ITEMS,CONTROL,PRODUCTION,ITEMS&,TOOLS,25,Split,Output can branch and be used by two functions simultaneously or sequentially,Without labels we cannot tell how the branching occurs,1,2,3,OUTPUT,DATA,ONCE THIS DATA,IS SUPPLIED,FUNCTIONS 2&3,CAN OPERATE,SIMULTANEOUSLY,OR SEQUENTIALLY,26,Split,and,Join:PCB ASSEMBLY,Process Plan=loading details+solder paste details+chip placement method,Assembly Records=soldering completed data+placement completed data,Place chip,on board,Apply,solder,paste,A2,Load board,onto m/c,A1,Management,Directives,Bare boards,Chip,positioned board,placement,completed,data,Placement method,Split,Join,A3,Paste,applied,board,Process plan,Solder paste,method,soldering,completed,data,Assembly,Records,27,分层,第一层只有一个功能,标注为A-0图,每一个图中最多可以有6个功能,至少3个,A1,A2,A3,IDEF,方法,28,A0,A1,A2,A3,A4,A3,A32,A33,A34,A31,子图,父图,IDEF的分层,IDEF,方法,More General,More Detailed,29,IDEF的分层,IDEF,方法,30,节点树,IDEF,方法,31,Tunnelled Arrows,Tunneled Arrows at Unconnected Ends,(Concept Does Not Appear on the Next Higher Level.),Tunneled Arrows at Connected Ends,(Concept Does Not Appear on the Next Lower Level.),32,Tunneling Example,This control will not appear,on child diagram.,This control will still be,designated as C3 on child,diagram.,This output will not be shown,on parent diagram.,A0,A-0,Parent Diagram,A0,A1,A2,A3,C1,C3,O1,I1,Child Diagram,I1,I2,I2,O1,C1,C3,33,A0 Diagram,Payments,Check Stock,Levels&Det,Reorder Qty,A1,Prepare,Authorize&,Mail P O,A2,Receive PO,Produce&,Ship,A3,Receive,Shipment&,Inspect,A4,Restock,&Make,Payment,A5,Inventory Policy,Stock,Levels,Reorder,Qty,Purchase Policy,Invoice,Material,OK Material,