单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2016/3/24,#,冠心病,患者降脂优化治疗,LDL-C,和,CHD,事件的线性关系,CHD,事件,(%),LDL-C,水平,50,(1.3),70,(1.8),90,(2.3),110,(2.8),130,(3.4),150,(3.9),170,(4.4),190,(4.9),210,(5.4),0,5,10,15,20,25,TNT 80 mg,TNT 10 mg,Lipid-Rx,CARE-Pl,CARE-Rx,4S-Rx,Lipid-Pl,TNT Entry,4S-Pl,AFCAPS-Rx,WOS-Rx,WOS-Pl,AFCAPS-Pl,二级预防,一级预防,mg/dL,(mmol/L),Adapted from Rosensen RS.Exp Opin Emerg Drugs 2004;9(2):,269-279,;,LaRosa,JC et al.N Engl J Med 2005;352:1425-1435,指南的演变,Angiographic trials,(FATS,POSCH,SCOR,STARS,Ornish,MARS),Meta-analyses,(Holme,Rossouw),NCEP ATP I,1988,NCEP ATP II,1993,NCEP ATP III,2001,HPSPROVE-IT,ASCOT-LLA,PROSPER,ALLHAT-LLT,Updated NCEP ATP III,2004,FraminghamMRFITLRC-CPPTCoronary Drug ProjectHelsinki HeartCLAS,4SWOSCOPSCARELIPIDAFCAPS/TexCAPS,TNT,IDEAL,AHA/ACC,Update,2006,NHLBI=National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute.,NCEP ATP=National Cholesterol Education Panel Adult Treatment Panel.,AHA=American Heart Association.,ACC=American College of Cardiology.,更低的,LDL-C,目标,;,更广泛的目标群体,;,更大的治疗强度,常规剂量,LDL-C,降幅不足,难以达到,50%,降幅,VOYAGER,研究结果显示:,要达到,50%,的,LDL-C,降幅,往往需要大剂量他汀,瑞舒伐他汀,阿托伐他汀,辛伐他汀,1,2,.Nicholls SJ,et al.Am J Cardiol 2010;105:69-76.,5mg,10mg,20mg,40mg,10mg,20mg,40mg,80mg,10mg,20mg,40mg,80mg,n=670,n=11690,n=3554,n=2983,n=7837,n=3908,n=1324,n=2072,n=165,n=2929,n=548,n=479,他汀剂量倍增,不良反应倍增,AM J Cardiol 2006,97,44C-51C,基线,阿托伐他汀,20mg,或瑞舒伐他汀,10mg,治疗,6,周,阿托伐他汀,80mg,或瑞舒伐他汀,40mg,治疗,18,周,64,53,8,7,HbA,1c,(%),HbA,1c,(mmol/mol),P,=0.003,P,0.001,P,=0.004,P,0.001,大剂量阿托伐他汀或瑞舒伐他汀显著升高,HbA1c,水平,大剂量他汀增加糖尿病风险,2012,年,2,月,28,日,美国,FDA,要求所有他汀类药物在说明书上增加关于“,服用他汀类药物可能增加新发糖尿病和使糖尿病控制恶化,”的警告,2012,年,11,月,20,日,中国,SFDA,发布药品不良反应信息通报(第,51,期),,警惕他汀类药品血糖异常不良反应,及与,HIV,蛋白酶抑制剂的相互作用,优化降脂治疗的目的:,确保获益,&,控制风险,获益,风险,实现获益最大化,控制风险至最低,饮食,胆固醇,(,约,300700 mg/,天,),人体胆固醇的两大来源:合成与吸收双通道,15,粪胆汁酸和中性固醇类,(,约,700 mg/,天,),吸收,(,约,700 mg/,天,),肝脏,合成*,(,约,800 mg/,天,),小肠,(1300-1700mg/,天,),肝外组织,胆固醇合成吸收过程示意图,胆汁胆固醇,(,约,1000 mg/,天,),15.,Infirmary R,et al.Eur Heart J Supplements 2001;3(Suppl E):E2E5.,葆至能,(,依折麦布,/,辛伐他汀,),双重机制,联合降脂,依折麦布与他汀机制互补,强效降低,LDL-C,16,他汀,依折麦布,依折,麦布联合他汀,同时,抑制胆固醇的吸收和合成,2,项随机对照研究的事后分析结果,显示,17,:,依折麦布与他汀联合治疗,同时抑制胆固醇吸收与,合成,17.Assmann G,et al.Curr Med Res Opin.2008;24(1):249259.,*,与安慰剂相比,p0.001,谷甾醇,/,总,胆固醇,菜油甾醇,/,总胆固醇,7-,烯胆烷醇,/,总胆固醇,2,4-,脱氢胆固醇,/,总胆固醇,葆至能,(,依折麦布,/,辛伐他汀,),降,LDL-C,疗效显著优于阿托伐他汀,葆至能,(,依折麦布,10mg/,辛伐他汀,20mg),(n=233),阿托伐他汀,20mg,(n=230),阿托伐他汀,40mg,(n=232),18.,Ballantyne CM,et al.Am Heart J 2005;149(3):464-473.,P0.001,*,对应剂量的依折麦布,10mg/,辛伐他汀,40mg,的降幅为,57%(P0.001),。,主要终点结果:所有剂量下,接受,葆至能,治疗的患者,LDL-C,较基线降低,53.4%,,接受阿托伐他汀治疗的患者,LDL-C,较基线降低,45.3%,(,P0.001,)。,一项为期,6,周的多中心、随机、双盲、对照研究显示,18,:,葆至能,(,依折麦布,10mg/,辛伐他汀,20mg),强效降低,LDL-C,水平达,51%,,显著优于对应剂量阿托伐他汀,20mg,葆至能,(,依折麦布,/,辛伐他汀,),降,LDL-C,疗效显著优于瑞舒伐他汀,一项在高胆固醇血症患者中开展的为期,6,周的多中心、双盲、平行分组研究显示,19,:,葆至能,(,依折,麦布,10mg/,辛伐他,汀,20mg),强效降低,LDL-C,水平约达,52%,,,显著优于瑞舒伐他汀,10mg,19.Catapano AL,et al.Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22(10):2041-2053.,瑞舒伐他汀,10mg,(n=475),P0.001,葆至能,(,依折麦布,10mg/,辛伐他汀,20mg),(n=476),主要终点结果:所有剂量下,接受,葆至能,治疗的患者,LDL-C,较基线降低,55.8%,,接受阿托伐他汀治疗的患者,LDL-C,较基线降低,51.6%,(,P0.001,)。,葆至能,(,依折麦布,/,辛伐他汀,),起始治疗,耐受良好,一项为期,6,周的多中心、随机、双盲、对照研究显示,18,:,ALT,3,x ULN,AST,3,x ULN,ALT,和,/,或,AST,3,x ULN,CK10,x ULN,CK10,x ULN,伴肌肉症状,P=0.002,P=0.07,P=0.006,P=1.00,阿托伐他汀:,10/20/40/80mg,;依折麦布,+,辛伐他汀:,10/10,10/20,10/40,10/80mg,ALT,:谷丙转氨酶;,AST,:谷草转氨酶;,ULN,:正常上限;,CK,:肌酐激酶,18.,Ballantyne CM,et al.Am Heart J 2005;149(3):464-473.,P,laque,RE,gression with,C,holesterol absorption,I,nhibitor or,S,ynthesis inhibitor,E,valuated by,I,ntraVascular,U,ltra,S,ound(PRECISE-IVUS Trial),通过血管内超声评估,胆固醇吸收和合成抑制剂联合治疗,对冠脉斑块逆转作用的研究,受试者随机接受阿托伐他汀单药或阿托伐他汀,/,依折麦布联合治疗,,LDL-C,目标值为,70mg/dl,。阿托伐他汀可以调整剂量到日常最大剂量,试验分组,联合治疗逆转斑块优于他汀单药组,优效性检验结果显示,,LZ,组主要终点,PAV,的绝对数值变化较基线降低,1.4%(3.4%0.1%),,,L,组较基线降低,0.3%(1.9%0.9%),,组间比较有显著差异,p 0.001,结果-斑块消退患者百分比,P=0.004,LZ,组冠脉斑块消退的患者百分比显著高于,L,组,,78%VS 58%,,,P=0.004,Date of download:8/3/2015,LDL-C,水平与粥样斑块,体积百分比改变的关系,HR,Simva*,EZ/Simva*,p-value,全因死亡,0.99,15.3,15.4,0.782,心血管死亡,1.00,6.8,6.9,0.997,冠心病死亡,0.96,5.8,5.7,0.499,心梗,0.87,14.8,13.1,0.002,卒中,0.86,4.8,4.2,0.052,缺血性卒中,0.79,4.1,3.4,0.008,30,后冠脉血运重建,0.95,23.4,21.8,0.107,不稳定心绞痛,1.06,1.9,2.1,0.618,CVD/MI/stroke,0.90,22.2,20.4,0.003,依折麦布,/,辛伐他汀,更好,辛伐他汀,更好,IMPROVE-IT,:进一步减少缺血性卒中发生,0.6,1.0,1.4,*7-,年,事件率,(%),安全性,ITT,癌症,肌肉或胆囊相关事件没有统计学显著差异,Simva,n=9077,%,EZ/Simva,n=9067,%,p,ALT,和,/,或,AST3x ULN,2.3,2.5,0.43,胆囊切除术,1.5,1.5,0.96,胆囊相关不良事件,3.5,3.1,0.10,横纹肌溶解,*,0.2,0.1,0.37,肌病,*,0.1,0.2,0.32,横纹肌溶解,肌病,肌痛伴,CK,升高,*,0.6,0.6,0.64,癌症,*(7-,年,KM%),10.2,10.2,0.57,*Adjudicated by Clinical Events Committee,%=n/N for the trial duration,IMPROVE-IT vs.CTT:,依折麦布,vs.,他,汀,=,获益一样,CTT Collaboration.Lancet 2005;366:1267-78;Lancet 2010;376:1670-81.,IMPROVE-IT,事件率减少比例(,SE,%,),LDL-C,降低(,mmol/L,),KIDGO,NICE,ADA,ESC(,非,st,)中国专家共识均将联合治疗作为,1A,推荐,总结,循证研究提示胆固醇降低带来心血管获益,指南的发展趋势是,LDL-C,目标值越来越低,联合依折麦布治疗在他汀的基础上可以进一步强效安全降脂,同时抑制胆固醇的合成与吸收,降低心血管事件,益适纯,+,他汀,在常规临床剂量下,ACS/CHD,患者,唯一具有证据的治疗方案,谢 谢!,