单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,初中英语语法句子结构,1.主谓宾定状补,2.五个基本简朴句,第1页,第1页,英语句子结构,概念句子有一定语法结构和语调,用以表示一个比较完整独立概念。句子是表示思想基本单位,只有完整句子才干表示完整思想。句子开头第一个字母要大写,句子末尾要有标点符号。句子成份是指构成句子各构成部分,即词和短语在句子中各种语法意义,。句子成份包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英语中,普通句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里构成部分。其它成份如定语和状语是句子次要成份,。,第2页,第2页,句子成份分类,1主语,主语是指句子谈论主题,也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态主体。,普通由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式或相称于名词单词或短语来充当,,也有从句充当现象。大多数主语都在句首。如:,讲述“谁”,We,work in a big factory.,讲述“什么,The classroom,is very big.,数词作主,语,Three,are enough.,不定式作主语,To operate,on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job.,从句作主语,What we need,is food.,在“There be”句型中,主语位置在中间。如:,There are some bottles of milk in the box.,在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如:,It is very interesting to play the game called“treat or trick”.,It took two workers about three months to build the house.,第3页,第3页,2谓语,1)简朴谓语,谓语动词普通由动词各种时态来表达。,eg:1),I,like,walking.(普通现在时积极语态),2),I,(made),your birthday cake last night.昨晚我做好了你生日蛋糕。(普通过去时积极语态),3),It,is used,by travelers and business people(all over the world).全世界旅行者和商人都使用它(普通现在时被动语态),第4页,第4页,2)复合谓语,第一个是由,情态动词,助动词+不带to动词不定式构成,What,does,this word,mean?,这个单词是什么意思?,I,wont do,it again.我不会再做它(指这件事it one mor-e time)。,I,ll go and move,away the bag 我会移走这袋米。,You,had,better,catch a bus.你最好乘坐公交车。,第5页,第5页,第二种是,由连系动词+表语构成,比如:,You,look,the same.你(们)看起来同样.,We,are,all go home,我们回家吧。,My pen,is,in my bag.我钢笔在我书包里。,I,fell,tired all the time.我整天感到疲倦.,He,seemed,rather tired last night.他昨天看起来相称累.,连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割,第6页,第6页,系动词,它本身有词义,,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,(亦称补语),,构成系表结构,阐明主语情况、性质、特性等情况。可分为六类:,状态系动词、连续系动词、表像系动词、感官系动词、改变系动词、终止系动词。,第7页,第7页,(1)状态系动词:,be动词:am is are,(2)连续系动词:表示主语继续或保持一个情况或态度,主要有,keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand。,如:I hope youll,keep,fit.我希望你身体好。,He,stayed,single.他仍然是独身。,第8页,第8页,(3)表像系动词:表示“看起来仿佛”,主要有seem,appear,look等。,如:He looks tired.他看起来很累。,He seems(to be)quite happy.他仿佛不久活。,(4)感官系动词:表示“起来”,,有,look,feel(摸起来,感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来,吃起来)等。,如:This kind of cloth,feels,very soft.这种布摸起来很软。,He,looks,honest,but actually hes a rogue.他看起来很诚实,实际他是一个坏蛋。,第9页,第9页,(5)改变系动词:表示主语变成什么样,主要有,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,He,became,mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。,His cold,was growing,worse.他感冒越来越严重了。,The milk,will,soon,turn,sour.牛奶不久就会变酸。,We,get,wiser as we get old.伴随年岁增长,我们也变得聪明些了。,(6)略,第10页,第10页,情态动词,和,助动词,不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.,第11页,第11页,3,表语,:跟在连系动词后面词语或从句,用来阐明主语身份,特性,状态.,形容词作表,语,You look,younger,than before.,名词作表语,My father is,a teacher.,副词作表,语,Everyone is,here.,介词短语作表语,They are,at the theatre,.,不定式作表,语,My job is to teach them English.,动名词作表,语,Her job is,training the nurses.,从句作表语,That is,why he didnt come to school yesterday,.,第12页,第12页,宾语是动作、行为对象,,由名词、代词、不定式、或相称于名词词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起阐明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面。有时,会有双宾语。如:,名词作宾语,He never forgives,others for their mistakes.,代词做宾语,He often helps,me.,不定式作宾语,He likes,to sleep in the open air.,动名词作宾语,The Americans enjoyed,living in China.,从句做宾语,I believe,that they can finish the work in time.,4.宾语,第13页,第13页,5宾语补足语,在英语句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表示完整意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才干,表示完整意思。,我们把“,宾语宾语补足语”,合起来称为复合宾语。,如:,形容词作宾补,Dont make your hands,dirty.,副词作宾补,We found Li Ming,out,when we arrived.,介词短语作宾补,Make yourself,at home.,第14页,第14页,省略to不定式作宾补,I saw a girl,go,into the building.,带to不定式作宾补,The boy ordered the dog,to lie down.,现在分词作宾补,The boss kept them,working,all day.,过去分词作宾补,Yesterday he got his leg,broken.,第15页,第15页,在英语中,常见“宾语宾语补足语”结构有:,“宾语+名词”。惯用于改结构动词有,c,all,name,make,find,choose,think,leav,e,等。,We call him Jack.,They made Li Lei,their monitor.,“宾语+形容词”。常见动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如:,Do you think,his idea wrong,?,We must keep our classroom,clean.,We cant leave him,alone,.,第16页,第16页,4.定语:用来修饰名词或代词词.,形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词,等.,This is a,red,car.,The building is,their,teaching building.,The,woman,doctor is my wife.,I have something,to tell you,.,The man,in front of the gate,is Mr.Li.,Every,student has an English book.,第17页,第17页,7状语,状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。,它表示行为发生时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,普通由副词、介词短语、不定式,从句或相称于副词词或短语来充当。状语普通放在句末,但有时也能够放在句首、句中。如:,He did it,carefully,They missed me,very much.,Without his help,we couldnt work it out.,In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.,When I was young,I could swim well.,第18页,第18页,初中英语:简朴句,五种基本句型,这五个基本句式下列:,1),S十V主谓结构,2),S十V十P主系表结构,3),S十V十O主谓宾结构,4),S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构,5),S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构,【注】S=Subject(主语);,V=Verb(谓语动词);,P=Predicative(表语);,O=Object(宾语);,INO=Indirect Object(间接宾语);,DO=Direct Object(直接宾语);,OC=Object Complement(宾语补足语),第19页,第19页,1.S+V 此句型特点是:,谓语动词是,不及物动词,本身能表示完整意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如:,He,laughed.,John,has read,widely.,He,lives,in London.,第20页,第20页,2.S+V+O 此句型特点是:,谓语动词是及物动词,不能表示完整意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如:,Our team beat all the others.,第21页,第21页,3.S+V+P 此句型特点是:,谓语动词是连系动词,不能表示完整意思,必须加上一个表明主语特性、身份、状态表语。,常见系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如:,The rose smells sweet.,第22页,第22页,主谓双宾,4.S+V+INO+DO 此句型特点是:,谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作对象或承受者,其中指人是间接宾语,指物是直接宾语。,当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语动词有answe