单击此处编辑母版文本样式,人教版英语必修第,三,册,返回导航,下页,上页,Period Discovering Useful Structures,Period Discovering Useful St,语法 专项突破,语法 专项突破,不定式作定语和状语,诵读下列句子并写出加黑部分的句子成分,1,(,教,材,P40)Looking up at the stars,people have always wanted to learn more about space,and scientists work hard,to find,answers._,2,(,教材,P40)They make vehicles to carry brave people into space,to find out the secrets of the,universe,._,不定式作目的状语,不定式作目的状语,不定式作定语和状语不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语,3,(,教材,P41)More recently,China has sent Change 4,to explore the surface,of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.,_,4,(,教材,P40)However,some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream,to explore space,._,5,(,教材,P40)Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world,to go into space,._,6,(,教材,P41)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire,to explore the universe,never died._,不定式作目的状语,不定式作定语,不定式作定语,不定式作定语,3(教材P41)More recently,China,以,do,为例，不定式的各种形式如下表：,主动形式,被动形式,说明,一般式,to do,to be done,不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生,进行式,to be doing,/,不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,完成式,to have done,to have,been done,不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前,以do为例，不定式的各种形式如下表：主动形式被动形式说明一般,1.,不定式作定语,(1),不,定式作定语常表示将来的动作。,The question,to be discussed,at the meeting is very important.,将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。,(2),不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是,不及物动词,，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。,He has no pen,to write with,.,他没有钢笔写字。,1.不定式作定语,(3),不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或,no,all,any,等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。,He is always,the first to arrive,at the school and,the last to leave,the school.,他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。,(4),不定式作定语修饰抽象名词。常见的该类名词有,ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way,等。,The ability to express,an idea is as important as the idea itself.,表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。,(3)不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,an,即学即练,画,出下列句子中的不定式并判断它们作谁的定语,I have a lot of things to do today.,作,things,的定语,There are two letters to be typed.,作,letters,的定语,Lets go and get something to drink.,作,something,的定语,即学即练,Theres no need to worry at all.,作,need,的定语,We have a right to know.,作,right,的定语,She didnt have the courage to tell you that.,作,courage,的定语,Thats probably the only thing to do now.,作,the only thing,的定语,Please give me some paper to write on.,作,paper,的定语,Theres no need to worry at a,2,不定式作状语,(1),作,目的状语,不定式作目的状语意为,“,为了,”,，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加,in order,或,so as,，但,so as to,不能用于句首。,To pass,the college entrance exam,we must work hard.,为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。,The bus stopped,in order to/so as to pick up,passengers.,公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。,2不定式作状语,(2),作结果状语,Tom took a taxi to the airport,only to find,his plane high up in the sky.,汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。,不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果。,(2)作结果状语,(3),作原因状语,We were astonished to find,the temple still in its original condition.,令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。,常用于,“,主语,(,人,),系动词形容词,/,过去分词,to do,”,结构中。,形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有,sorry,，,surprised,，,disappointed,，,excited,，,glad,，,happy,，,anxious,，,delighted,，,pleased,，,foolish,等。,？,(3)作原因状语？,常用于,“,主语,(,物,),系动词形容词,to do,”,结构中。,这类形容词有,easy,difficult,hard,cheap,，,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous,等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。,The morning air is so good to breathe,that he gets up early every day.,早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。,常用于“主语(物)系动词形容词to do”结构中。,即学即练,画,出下列句子中的不定式并判断它们作哪种类型的状语,They ran over to welcome us.,目的状语,Im sorry to hear that.,原因状语,The girls are easy to get along with.,原因状语,即学即练,You are right to say so.,答案：,You are right,.,原,因状语,She was glad to see us.,答案：,She was glad,us.,原因状语,Never too old to learn.,答案：,Never too old,.,结果状语,It was too late to do anything now.,答案：,It was too late,anything now.,结果状语,She was unwilling to take the job.,答案：,She was unwilling,the job.,原因状语,to say so,to see,to learn,to do,to take,You are right to say so.to sa,.,单句语法填空,1,With a lot of work _(do),she wasnt allowed to leave her office.,2,The airport _(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.,3,He hurried to the train station,only _(find)the train had left.,4,_(save)energy,we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March.,to do,to be completed,to find,To save,.单句语法填空to doto be completedt,5,However,，,our discussions are more than just a way _(practice)our debating skills.,6,Were never going to have enough time _(explore)everything!,7,He went to the station hurriedly only _(tell)the train had left.,8,I bought some young trees _(plant)on the hill.,9,The building _(build)next year will be a gym.,10,There are still lots of problems _(deal)with.,to practice,to explore,to be told,to plant,to be built,to be dealt,5However，our discussions are,.,语法填空,According to a recent survey,violence did exist in schools.Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also 1._(express)their great concern about it.Experts hope 2._ whole society pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents.,.语法填空,Nowadays,school violence is a hot issue.I think this is a phenomenon,which 3._(call)for our great concern.We should make every effort 4._(prevent)school violence from happen