单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,动词不定式,高一英语组,2021,年,3,月,9,日,动词不定式高一英语组,1,动词不定式的基本结构,主动形式,被动形式,一般式,to do,to be done,完成式,to have done,to have been done,进行式,to be doing,无,完成进行式,to have been doing,无,动词不定式的基本结构主动形式被动形式一般式to doto,2,一、不定式的语法意义：,1.,不定式一般式：表示的,动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时,发生，或者发生在它的,后面,；,I heard her,sing,.(,唱和听见同时发生,),I expect,to come,back next Sunday.(“,回来”发生在“预计”之后,),2.,不定式完成式：表示的,动作发生在谓语,动词表示的,动作之前,；,Zhang Sanfeng,a 13th-century Taoist,was said,to have invented,tai chi.,一、不定式的语法意义：1.不定式一般式：表示的动作与谓语动,3,3.,不定式进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作,同时发生,；,She seems,to be waiting,for somebody.,When he came to see me,I happened,to be taking,a bath.,4.,不定式完成进行式：表示的动作,发生在谓语,动词表示的,动作,之前，并,延续,到那个时候，可能,仍在进行,；,She is said,to have been waiting,a novel this year.,She seemed,to have been working,on a difficult maths problem.,3.不定式进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；,4,5.,主动语态：一般表示,主动,的意义，但有时也可以表示,被动,意义；,They began,to learn,Japanese last winter.,Some stars are too far,to see,.(=to be seen),6.,被动语态：表示,被动,的意义；,The composition contest is,to be held,next month.,She is anxious,to be invited,to the ball.,5.主动语态：一般表示主动的意义，但有时也可以表示被动意义,5,二、不定式的句法功能：,1.,作主语：一般表示具体的某次动作。,1),不定式作主语时，,谓语用单数,：,To do such things,is,foolish.,2),主系表结构：,To see,is to believe.,3),当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用,it,做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。常用于下列结构中：,(1)It is/was+adj.+(of sb.)to do,（如,good/kind/nice/clever/foolish/selfish,）,(2)It is+adj.+(for sb.)+to do,（如,easy/difficult/hard/unwise/possible/necessary,）,二、不定式的句法功能：1.作主语：一般表示具体的某次动作。,6,(3)It is+a/an+,名词,+to do.,（如,a pity/a shame/a pleasure/ones duty/an honor,）,(4)It takes(sb.)some time/courage/patience,to do,(5)It requires courage/patience/hard work,to do,2.,作,表语：常,表示将来,的动作或状态。,Her wish is,to become,a lawyer.,(3)It is+a/an+名词+to do.（如,7,3.,作宾语：,ask,agree,care,choose,demand,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,等只能用动词不定式作,宾语,。,注意,:1.,某些及物动词可用,-ing,也可用动词不定式,作宾语但意义不同,stop/go on/remember/forget/regret/try/mean,.,2.,某些及物动词,think,believe,consider,feel,find,make,等后常用,it,作形式宾语,。,3.作宾语：ask,agree,care,choos,8,4,作定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动表被动。,Xiao Li is a very nice person,to work with,.,The pen is very nice,to write,.(,用主动表被动,),5.,作状语：表示目的、结果、原因和情况，不定式的逻辑主语通常是全句的主语；,We also work hand in hand with other branches of government,to ensure,that development,He hurried to the station,only,to find,the train had left.(,出乎意料）,4作定语：当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，要用主动表被动,9,5.,作状语：表示目的、结果、原因和情况，不定式的逻辑主语通常是全句的主语；,We also work hand in hand with other branches of government,to ensure,that development,He hurried to the station,only,to find,the train had left.(,出乎意料）,5.作状语：表示目的、结果、原因和情况，不定式的逻辑主语通,10,6.,作,宾语补足语,：宾语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式在表示知觉的动词和使役动词后，不用,to,，在,动词,help,后,to,可用可不用,。如果谓语动词为,感官动词或使役动词,，则作宾补的不定式,不可带,to,，这些动词有,see,hear,feel,watch,notice;have,make,let,等。但如果句子是,被动语态，则,to,不可省略,。,He asked me,to help,him.,She usually helped her mother,(,to)wash clothes,on Sundays.,6.作宾语补足语：宾语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式在表示知觉,11,7.,同位语,:Is this your purpose,to avoid being punished,?,8.,独立成分,:,To tell you the truth,I dont like you.,类似的有：,to be frank,坦率地说，,to cut a long story short,长话短说，等等。,7.同位语:Is this your purpose,12,三、不定式的,其他用法,1.“,疑问词,+,不定式,”结构，不定式可以和,who,whom,whose,what,which,when,how,where,whether,等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句子中起,名词作用,，可作主语，宾语，表语等成分。,Where to go,has not been decided.(,主语,),Im at a loss,what to do,next.,（宾语）,三、不定式的其他用法1.“疑问词+不定式”结构，不定式可以,13,2.“,形容词,+,不定式,”结构，部分形容词可后接不定式，与句子主语在逻辑上构成主谓关系，这类形容词多是,表示思想感情,的，如，,eager,sure,glad,lucky,等。,I am glad,to hear,the news.,She is sorry,to have missed,the show.,2.“形容词+不定式”结构，部分形容词可后接不定式，与句子主,14,3.,不定式的,省略,：,1,）表示,感觉,的动词（,see,watch,listen to,look at,等）后作,宾语补足语,时，,to,可省略；,2,）,使役动词,make,let,have,后；,3,）,help,后可省，可保留，被动语态要保留,to;,4,）两个不定式,并列,时，保留第一个，其余省略；,5,）,had better,would rather than,cannot but,do nothing but,等后可省略,to.,3.不定式的省略：,15,当堂导练一：,用括号中动词不定式的适当形式填空。,1.It,s an honour for me _(ask)to deliver a speech at the meeting.,2.We found them _(work)hard all the time.,3.I don,t like myself _(praise)like that.,4.She was glad _(give)a chance to visit this beautiful city.,5.I am sorry _(keep)you waiting so long.,6.This poem is said _(translate)into English already.,7.After graduation he asked _(send)to work in the countryside.,to be asked,to be working,to be praised,to have been given,to have kept,to have been translated,to be sent,当堂导练一：用括号中动词不定式的适当形式填空。to be a,16,8.The computer is difficult _(control).,9.She has a slight headache now.She seems _(catch)a cold.,10.I am going to have the orphan_(live)with me soon.,11.They did nothing but _(play)bridge the whole day.,12.We failed _(get)him_(come)to the party.,13.What I,d like _(do)first is _(read)today,s newspaper.,14.Who is _(blame)?,15.The dog ought_ (feed)hours ago.,to control,to have caught,live,play,to get,to come,to do,(to)read,to blame,to have been fed,8.The computer is difficult _,17,16.What he wants is _ (not interrupt)while he is speaking.,17.The books are not allowed _ (take)out of the room.,18.He preferred to die rather than _(give)in.,not to be interrupted,to be taken,give,16.What he wants is