单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第六章,词义选择与引申,目 录,词义的选择,一,词义的引申,二,翻译练习,三,概 要,翻译选词要符合语法要求，还要考虑话语的场合、说话人的特点及上下文内容等语境和非语境因素。选择词义可以从四个角度来考虑：根据词性选择词义、根据上下文选择词义、根据专业选择词义、根据搭配选择词义。此外,翻译中无法直接搬用辞典中释义的词要根据上下文的联系及其逻辑关系对词义加以引申。,6.1.1,根据词性选择词义,例1 The washing instructions are on the label.(n.,洗涤说明在标签上。,例2 All the products are labelled with comprehensive,instructions.v.,所有产品均标有详尽的使用说明。,例3 I dont mean to disparage your achievements.v.,我并不想贬低你的成就。,6.1.1,根据词性选择词义,例4 Marge played a mean game of tennis.adj.),玛吉打得一手好网球。,例5 Take a hundred and twenty values and calculate the mean.(n.),取120个值计算平均数。,例1 The hotel requires a deposit for all advance bookings.,旅馆规定凡预订房间都要先付订金。语境：旅馆,例2 Higher-rate deposit accounts yield good returns.,高利率的存款会产生丰厚的收益。语境：银行,例3 There is too much deposit in a bottle of wine.,酒瓶里沉淀物太多。语境：酒瓶,6.1.2,根据上下文选择词义,例4 We have found a promising iron deposit.,我们已经发现了一个有开采价值的铁矿床。语境：铁矿,例5 The depositor may retrieve the deposit at any time.,存放人可以随时领取保管物。语境：存放处,6.1.2,根据上下文选择词义,例1 One of the essential features of poetry is that it pursues the meter and rhythm.,诗歌艺术的本质特征之一在于其具有韵律与节奏的追求。专业：诗歌,例2 This is a new type of aircraft meter，Electronic Percent Turnmeter for aircraft engines.,这是一种新型的航空仪表：航空发动机电子转速表。专业：航空,例3 Music and meter are closely connected.,音乐和节拍紧密相连。专业：音乐,6.1.3,根据专业选择词义,例4 With the development of image processing,using image processing technology into the measurement system of meter is paid more attention to by people.,随着数字图像处理技术的开展，将图像识别技术运用到百分表检定系统中越来越受到人们的重视。专业：计算机,6.1.3,根据专业选择词义,例1 Last week,we saw a documentary about two domestic animals.搭配：动物,上周，我们看了一场关于两只驯养的动物的纪录片。,例2 But domestic companies can make things much more cheaply,and their quality is improving.搭配：公司,但是国内的企业的产品更为廉价，而且它们的质量也在提升。,6.1.4,根据搭配选择词义,例3 There has never been an episode of domestic violence in our marriage.搭配：暴力,我们婚姻中从来就没有出现过家庭暴力的一幕。,例4 City domestic sewage and industrial sewage treatment have gotten more and more attention in this country.,搭配：污水,城市生活污水和工业污水的处理已经越来越引起人们的广泛关注。,6.1.4,根据搭配选择词义,6.2,词义的引申,6.2.1,抽象词语具体化,例1 But it is unclear when deal making might return to previous highs.形容词具体化,不过，交易数量能否回到从前的高位还是个未知数。,例2 Both compounds are acids,the former is strong and the latter is weak.形容词具体化,这两种化合物都是酸。前者是强酸，后者是弱酸。,例3 The cutting tool must be strong,tough,hard and wear resistance.形容词具体化,刀具必须有足够的强度、韧性、硬度，而且要耐磨。,例1 In terms of cash outlay,the sum is peanuts.名词引申,从花费来看，这笔钱乃区区小数。,例2 Hearing this,the little boy stood there with his finger in the,mouth.介词短语引申,听到这话，小男孩傻乎乎地站在了那里。,例3 Indeed,it is often the economic exploitation that,necessitates the violence.名词引申,事实上，暴力冲突通常是由经济剥削引发的。,6.2.2,具体词语抽象化,例,1,We have mainly adopted some usual international practices,such as payment by installments,processing with supplied materials,compensation trade,assembling trade,joint venture and so on.,我们主要采取了一些国际上的习惯做法，如分期付款、,来料加工,、补偿贸易、装配贸易、合资经营等。,6.2.3,改换说法,例2 I suggest we meet each other halfway.,我建议各让一半。动词引申,例3 To avoid having our funds tied up,could you bend the rules a,little?动词引申,为防止我方资金积压，你们能否将规那么变 通一下?,6.2.3,改换说法,例2 I suggest we meet each other halfway.,我建议各让一半。动词引申,例3 To avoid having our funds tied up,could you bend the rules a,little?动词引申,为防止我方资金积压，你们能否将规那么变 通一下?,6.2.3,改换说法,例,1,He is an,ambitious,young man full of enthusiasm and,vitality.,他是个充满热情与活力的,有远大抱负的,青年。,例,2,He qualified his friend as an,ambitious,self-seeker.,他把他的朋友说成是,野心勃勃的,利己主义者。,6.2.4,词义的褒贬,例3 Many are stubborn in pursuit of the path they have chosen,few in pursuit of the goal.。中性,许多人在追求已选择的道路时固执，却很少有人在追求,目标时固执。,例4 Hes as stubborn as a mule.贬义,他像骡子一样倔。,例5 Stubborn,self-confident Guo Zhenshan has never gone,crawling to anyone.褒义,倔强、自信的郭振山，从来没有对人低三下四过。,6.2.4,词义的褒贬,6.4,翻译练习,一、把以下句子译成汉语。,Blackpool is the top tourist attraction in England.,布莱克普尔是英格兰最吸引游客的地方。,2.I take the initiative to make a concession in price.I hope this will set the ball rolling.,我,采取主动在价格上做出让步，希望能使今后的谈判顺利进行。,3.The value of the pound will force British companies to be leaner and fitter.,英镑的价值将迫使英国公司进一步减员增效。,6.4,翻译练习,一、把以下句子译成汉语。,4.You see,the price of a main body produced in South,Korea is only US$190,which is much lower than that you,offer in your price-list,and their quality is as good as,yours.,你看，南韩产的主板，单价只有,190,美元，比你方报价要,低得多，而他们的质量和你方的一样好。,6.4,翻译练习,一、把以下句子译成汉语。,5.Should the letter of credit fail to reach the purchaser,before the stipulated date,the contract shall be,considered as null and void.,要是买方在规定日期内不开来信用证，本合同即作无效论。,1.公司的董事长要注意局势的开展。,The president of the company is responsible for watching the development of affairs.,2.请提出对这个方案的反对理由。,Please present your objection to the plan.,3.让我们先看一下全球信用紧缩的开展动态。,Lets begin by looking at the development of global credit squeeze.,二、把以下句子译成英语。,4.,我觉得我已经对整个过程摸出门道来了。,I think I,m really starting to get a handle on the whole process.,5.,一些估计显示，明年的预算将会亏空,25,亿美元。,Some estimates show next years budget could be$2.5 billion in the,hole,.,二、把以下句子译成英语。,Thank You!,