单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2013-6-2,#,Unit 1,International Economic and Trade Organizations,Content,Warm-up Activities,Background Information,Text Analysis,Extended Activities,Writing,Warm-up activities,I.The following is a list of abbreviations for some important international or regional organizations.Write down the full names and their equivalents in Chinese.,1.ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟东盟,2.IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织,3.IOC International Olympic committee 国际奥委会,4.NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织,5.WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织,6.OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织,7.ICC The International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会,8.WB World Bank 世界银行,9.ISO International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织,10.BFA Boao Forum for Asia 博鳌亚洲论坛,Background Information,The three major international economic organizations are the World Bank,the International Monetary Fund(IMF),and the World Trade Organization(WTO).The WTO emerged out of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)in 1995;it is an arrangement across countries that serves as a forum for negotiations on trading rules as well as a mechanism for dispute settlements in trade issues.,By contrast,the World Bank and IMF deal with their member countries one at a time.They have little influence with industrial countries but can affect developing countries during times of economic crisis and when those countries seek additional foreign exchange resources.The origins and evolution of the three organizations are of considerable,interest.Perhaps,even more important in light of the recent financial crises in Mexico,East Asia,and a few other countries,are the questions that arise about the current and future roles of the IMF and the World Bank,.,International Monetary Fund (IMF),Time:Dec.27,1945,Headquarters:,Washington,Status:IMF&world bank are two,major financial institutions,in the world,Duty:supervise the monetary exchange rate&provide the skill/fund,IMF,Three major objectives:,Promote global monetary and exchange stability,Facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international trade,Assist in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments for current transactions,Combat economic instability through:,Surveillance:,Monitoring of economic and financial developments,and the provision of policy advice,aimed especially at crisis-prevention,Lending:,Provides temporary financing and support policies aimed at correcting the underlying problems in countries with balance of payments difficulties,Technical Support:,Provides countries with technical assistance and training in its areas of expertise,7,WTO,The World Trade Organization(WTO)is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.,At its heart are the WTO agreements,negotiated and signed by the bulk of the worlds trading nations and ratified in their parliaments.,The goal is to help producers of goods and services,exporters,and importers conduct their business.,The WTO was born out of negotiations;everything the WTO does is the result of negotiations.,The WTO has 153 members,WTO founder members(1 January 1995),WTO subsequent members,9,WTO Functions,The,WTOs main,objective,is to help trade flow,smoothly,freely,fairly and predictably.It does this by:,Administering trade agreements,Acting as a forum for trade negotiations,Settling trade disputes,Reviewing national trade policies,Assisting developing countries in trade policy issues,through technical assistance and training programs,Cooperating with other international organizations,Text Analysis,1.The bulk of the WTOs current work comes from the 1986-94 negotiations called the Uruguay Round and earlier negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT).,WTO现行的一些工作都是源自于1986-1994年间乌拉圭回合谈判，以及早期在关贸总协定GATT下的一些谈判。,bulk,1.N-SING You can refer to somethings bulk when you want to emphasize that it is very large.大块书面,例：The truck pulled out of the lot,its bulk unnerving against the dawn.,拂晓时分，卡车驶出了停车场，庞大的车身看起来有点儿可怕。,2.N-SING You can refer to a large persons body or to their weight or size as their bulk.庞大肥硕的身躯,例：Bannol lowered his bulk carefully into the chair.,班诺尔那肥硕的身躯小心地坐落到了椅子上。,Text Analysis,3.QUANT The bulk of something is most of it.大局部QUANT of def-n,例：The bulk of the text is essentially a review of these original documents.,正文的大局部根本上是对这些原始文献的回忆。,4.PHRASE If you buy or sell something in bulk,you buy or sell it in large quantities.大批地(买卖),例：Buying in bulk is more economical than shopping for small quantities.,大批采购比少量购置更经济实惠。,the bulk of 大多数，大部,in bulk 整批，散装；大批，大量,bulk production 批量生产,bulk order 大宗订单,bulk purchase 大量采购，成批采购,bulk up 胀大；形成大数目,Text Analysis,come from,to,be or have been a resident or native(of),来自,例：,Most,people who come from other countries seem to fit in,with,the way of life here.,大多数,从外国来的人似乎适应这里的生活方式。,come,out from trouble,从烦恼中走出来,come back from work,下班回来,come back from leave,休假归来,Come back fr