单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,Grammar,Revise the,Attributive,Clause,(non-restrictive),Grammar,Revise theGrammar,非限定性定语从句,只是对先行词做些附加说明,如去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。从句和主句间用逗号隔开。,导,非限定性定语从句,只是对先行词做些附加说明,如去掉,主句的意,His brother,who is 25 years old,is a doctor.,他的哥哥是个医生，现今,25,岁。,导,His brother,who is 25 years o,Yesterday I met Li Lei,who,seemed to be very busy.,昨天我碰上李雷了,他好象很忙,(,去掉从句,意义仍然完整,:,昨天我碰上李雷了,),导,Yesterday I met Li Lei,who导,1.,指人时：,2.,指物时：,3.,指地点时：,4.,指时间时：,5.,指原因时：,非限制性定语从句的关系词,思,1.指人时：非限制性定语从句的关系词思,1.,指人时：,2.,指物时：,3.,指地点时：,4.,指时间时：,5.,指原因时：,非限制性定语从句的关系词,议,1.指人时：非限制性定语从句的关系词议,1.,指人时：,2.,指物时：,which,(,指词,/,整个主句只能位于主句后,),as,(,正如,，可位于主句前、中、后,),3.,指地点时：,4.,指时间时：,5.,指原因时：,非限制性定语从句的关系词,who,whom,whose,which,as,where=prep,+which,when=prep+which,for which,（不可用,why,）,展,1.指人时：非限制性定语从句的关系词who,whom,非限定性定语从句考点,非限定性定语从句考点,Which,指代表示“物”的先行词,(,不能用,that,且不可省略,),The project,which lasted two,years,cost five million dollars.,评,Which指代表示“物”的先行词评,2.,指人时主格用,who,宾格用,whom,His mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him.,I happened to meet Li Hong,whom I,didnt recognize at once,.,评,2.指人时主格用who,宾格用whom 评,3.,表示所属用,whose,（先行词指人,/,物）,Li Ming,whose mother has been ill for two days,is absent from school today.,The room,whose windows face east,is our dormitory.,评,3.表示所属用whose（先行词指人/物）评,4.,关系副词引导非限从,(why,要换成,for which,）,I have told them the reason,for which,I didnt attend the meeting.,Last Sunday he reached Nanjing,where,a conference was to be held.,评,4.关系副词引导非限从评,5.,介词,+,关系代词,引导非限从,I finished my work ahead of time,after which,I went home.,He lost his glasses,without which,he cant see anything.,评,5.介词+关系代词引导非限从评,1,）表示部分的词：不定代词,all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,数词,(,含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数,),；,the+,最高级,/,比较级，,2,）表示数目或数量：,many,most,few,several,等。,6.,表示数量的数词或代词,of which/whom,引导非限从,评,1）表示部分的词：不定代词6.表示数量的数词或代词 of,1)He loves his parents deeply,both of,whom,are very kind to him.,2)He has written ten stories,three of which,are about city life.,3)There are two buildings,the larger of which,is a hundred metres high.,4)Many people,some of whom,are not,overweight,are going on diets.,评,1)He loves his parents deeply,7.since when;from where,引导的非限从,since when,=and since then,自那时起,from where,从某处,1)He stood at the window,from where,we can see the park.,2)The book was written in 1946,since,when,the education system has,witnessed great changes.,评,7.since when;from where引导的非限,8.as,“正如,”,常用结构：,as we all know,正如我们所知道的,as you say,正如,你所说的,as I can see,正如我所能看到的,as we had expected,正如我们所料,as you may have heard,正如你可能听到过的那样,as is often the case=as often happens,情况往往如此,/,这是常有的事,评,8.as“正如”常用结构：评,as,“正如,”,也常用于被动结构：,as is expected,(,正如所料）,as has been explained (,正如所解释的,),as is mentioned above,(,正如所提到的,),as is known to all (,众所周知,),as is announced,/,reported(,据宣布,/,报道,),as has been pointed out,（正如所指出的那样）,评,as“正如”也常用于被动结构：评,.,As,we expected,he failed the exam.,正如我所预料的，他考试失败了。,He failed the exam,which,we hadnt,expected.,She heard a terrible noise,which,brought her heart into her mouth.,评,.As we expected,he failed t,区别,评,限制性定从与非限从,区别评限制性定从与非限从,Example 1,1.His father,who works in Beijing,came back yesterday.,2.Shanghai,which is in East China,is developing,quickly,.,当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用,_,修饰。,非限制性定语从句,评,Example 11.His father,who wo,Example 2,1.I have a sister,who/that works in a hospital.,我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。,2.I have a sister,who works in a hospital,.,我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。,不止一位姐姐,只有一位姐姐,评,Example 21.I have a sister wh,1.,限制性定语从句与,_,关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它,主句意思往往不明确。,2.,非限制性定语从句是对,_,的补充或说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。,先行词,先行词,评,1.限制性定语从句与_关系密切,是先行词不可,Example 3,This is the house,(which/that),we bought last month,.,这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。,2.The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.,这房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。,评,Example 3This is the house(wh,1.,限制性定语从句可以由,_,、,_,来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。,2.,非限制性定语从句既可修饰,_,又可修饰,_,不可用,that,引导且关系代词不可以省略。,关系代词,关系副词,先行词,整个主句,评,1.限制性定语从句可以由_、_,非限定性定语从句注意事项,非限定性定语从句注意事项,which与as引导非限从的异同,一相同点。,指代主句中的部分或整个句子，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。,The meeting was put off,as/which was exactly what we wanted.,He was a doctor,as/which I knew from his manner.,评,which与as引导非限从的异同一相同点。评,二不同点,1.as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况，位置比较灵活，而which只能位于主句之后。,As is known to all,fish cant live without water.,Air,as we know,is gas.,评,二不同点1.as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况，位置比较,2.在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；而as后的be动词可以省略。,She told me she won the match,which was a lie.,The material is elastic,as(was)shown in the figure.,评,2.在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；而as后,3.which做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；,而,as,后的谓语常用系动词，如be,seem,become等，一般不用其他行为动词。,He saw the girl,which,delighted,him.,He didn,t say anything at the meeting,as/which,seemed,very strange.,评,3.which做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；评,4.如果主句与从句所涉及的意向一致，多用as；,如果不一致，就用which,.,She has married again,as was,expected,.,He broke the rules again,which was,unexpected,.,评,4.如果主句与从句所涉及的意向一致，多用as；评,5.,as,用于表示“如同,.,那样，按照，正如”，常用的结构有as we know,;,as often happens,;,as is often the case,;,as we all can see等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可放句中或句末,.,As is known to all,China is a developing country.,Kate was late for school,as often happened.,评,5.as 用于表示“如同.那样，按照，正如”，常用的结构,6.关系代词指代