单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,专业英语的翻译技巧,翻译原则：,信,、,达,翻译过程：,阅读理解,汉语表达,检查校核,1 Pavement are classified as“rigid”or “flexible”,depending on how they distribute surface loads.,2 Action is equal to reaction,but it acts in a contrary direction.,3 The practice of employing rubber reinforced as bridge supports to allow for temperature movements and variations in foundation is well established,and half of all new bridges are now built in the U.K.in this way.,专业文献翻译的基本方法,直译,转换,增减,直译,直译包括：一是保留原文的语法结构，即对原语序和词序基本上不作变动；二是保留原文词语的字面意义。,例,Internet is of great help to our work.,例,Bridges and tunnels are great symbols of mankinds conquest of obstruction,转换,词义转换（引申）,词性转换,句子成分转换,Translation Skill Semantic Extension,（翻译技巧,词义引申）,Nouns,（词义转译）；,Concretizing,（词义具体化）；,Abstracting,（词义抽象化）；,（词的搭配）。,词义的引申是指在一个词所具有的原始意义的基础上，根据上下文和逻辑关系进一步加以引申，选择适当确切的目标语词语来表达，避免生搬硬套地逐句死译，使译文更加通顺流畅。值得注意的是，词义的引申不得超出原始意义所允许的范围。,词 义 转 译,翻译时，如果完全生搬硬套字典所给的字面意思，“对号入座”，会使译文生硬晦涩，含糊不清，甚至令人不知所云。因此，,遇到一些无法直译的词或词组时，应根据上下文和原词的字面意思，作适当的转化。,Like any precision device,the monitor of methane requires careful,treatment,.,译：跟任何精密仪器一样，瓦斯监测仪也需要精心,维护,。（不译“待遇”）,The factors which are likely to influence investment spending,do not stop here,.,译：可能影响投资开支的因素,并不止这些,。（不译“不停留在这里”）,Solar energy seems to,offer more hope,than any other source of energy.,译：太阳能似乎比其他能源,更有前途,。（不译“提供更多希望”）,Whether you like it or not,globalization,is here to stay,.We are not going to reverse the trend.,译：不管你对它的态度如何，经济全球化,已成为我们生活的一部分,，这个趋势不可逆转。（不译“呆在这里”）,Our products,if maintained properly and regularly,can at least,see twenty years service.,译：我们的产品如果适当地定期检修，至少可以,使用,20,年,。（不译“看见,20,年的服务”）,International business as a field of management training,deals with,the special features of business activities that cross national boundaries.,译：作为管理训练一个领域的国际商务,具有,跨国商务活动的专门特征。（不译“安排，处理，涉及，做生意”）,词义的具体化,英语中常用代表抽象意义的词表示一种具体事物，译成汉语时一般须作具体化的引申，否则意义会不明朗。因此，,翻译时应根据汉语的表达习惯，把文中抽象笼统的词语引申为意义明确具体的词语。,The purpose of a driller is,to holes,.,译：钻机的功能是,钻孔,。（不译“洞”）,There is more to their life than political and social and economic problem,more than transient,everydayness,.,译：他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的,柴米油盐问题,。,（不译“日常性”）,A single-point cutting tool is used,to cut,threads on engine lathes.,译：普通车床是用单刃刀具来,车,螺纹的。（不译“切、砍”）,Many voices have been raised demanding,the setting up of an Arab common market,译：,许多人要求,建立阿拉伯共同市场。（不译“许多声音”）,词义的抽象化,翻译时把原文中词义较具体的词引申为词义较抽象的词，或把词义较形象的词引申为词义较一般的词。,The major contributors,in component technology have been the semi-conductor components.,译：元件技术中,起主要作用,的是半导体元件。（不译”主要贡献者“）,The interest rates have,see-sawed,between 10 and 15 percent.,译：利率一直在,10,到,15,之间不断,波动,。,（不译“跷跷板一上一下的交替摆动”）,There were times when emigration,bottleneck,was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal,preference.,译：过去有过这种情况：移民,限制,极为严格，不允许任何人出于个人,考虑,而迁居他国。（,bottleneck,不译“瓶颈”或“（交通）狭口”，,preference,不译“偏爱”）,There are three steps which must be taken before we,graduate from,the integrated circuit technology.,译：我们要,完全掌握,集成电路，还必须经过三个阶段。（不译”毕业于“）,词的搭配,翻译时遇到动词、形容词与名词搭配时，应根据汉语的搭配习惯，而不应受原文字面意义的束缚。,1、,动词与名词的搭配,以动词,“,Move,”,为例，其基本意思是,“,运动,”,，但在不同的句子里与不同的名词搭配，译法则也不同。,（1）,The earth moves round the sun.,（2）,Heat moves from a hotter to a colder body.,（3）,Move Mike to other work.,（4）,The work moves slowly.,2、副词与动词的搭配,以副词,“,successfully,”,为例。,（1）,Spot-welding has already been used successfully in welding fuel tanks.,（2）,The task was finished successfully.,（3）,Our production plan has been successfully carried out.,3、,形容词与名词的搭配,以形容词,“,thick,”,为例。,(1),The book is 8 inches thick.,(2),He drew a thick line on the paper.,(3),Thick liquids pour much slowly than thin liquids.,(4),The conditions are too thick.,The iron ore used,to make,steel comes from open-pit and underground mines.,译：,炼钢,用的铁矿石来自露天开采的矿山和地下矿井。（不译“制造刚”）,An insulator offers a very,high resistance,to the passage through which electric current goes.,译：绝缘体对电流通过有,很大阻力,。（不译“高阻力”）,So he,（,the swallow,）,flew round and round her,，,touching,the water with his wings,，,and,making,silver ripples,译：他便在她身边不停地飞来飞去，用他的翅膀,点,水，,激起,许多银色的连猗。,(touch,不译“触摸”、“触及”，,make,不译“制造”、“做出”、“使”,),Translation Skill Word Conversion,（翻译技巧,词性转换）,转译成汉语动词；,转译成汉语名词；,转译成汉语形容词；,转译成汉语副词。,由于英汉两种语言属于不同的语系，所以它们在语言结构与表达形式方面各有特点。要使译文既忠实于原意，又顺畅可读，就不能局限于逐词对等，必须采用适当的词性转换。,转译成汉语动词,A change of,state from a solid to a liquid form requires heat energy.,译：从固态,变,为液态需要热能。（名词转译成动词）,The term laser stands for amplification,by,stimulated emission of radiation.,译：“激光”这个术语指的是,利用,辐射的受激发射放大光波。（介词转译成动词）,Both of the substances are not,soluble,in water.,译：这两种物质都不,溶于,水。（形容词转译成动词）,In this case the temperature in furnace is,up,.,译：在这种情况下，炉温就,升高,。（形容词转译成动词）,转译成汉语名词,Such materials are,characterized,by good insulation and high resistance to wear.,译：这些材料的,特点,是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。（动词转译成名词）,The result of this experiment is much better than,those,of previous ones.,译：这次实验的结果比前几次的,实验结果,都好得多。（代词转译成名词）,All structural materials behave,plastically,above their elastic range.,译：超过弹性极限时，一切结构材料都会显示出,塑性,。（副词转译成名词）,某些表示事物特征的形容词做表语时可将其转译成名词，其后往往加上,“,性,”,、,“,度,”,、,“,体,”,等。带