单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,21,庄子,二则,R,八年级语文下册,21 庄子二则R八年级语文下册,学习目标,了解庄子的作品及其思想主张;积累常用文言词语,整体把握课文大意。,(重点),体味对话中的人物语气,理解课文中两则寓言阐述的道理。,(难点),学习庄子追求逍遥洒脱的人生态度,无所恃的绝对自由的精神境界。,(难点),学习目标了解庄子的作品及其思想主张;积累常用文言词语,整体把,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,作者简介,庄周(约前,369,前,286,),战国时宋国蒙(今河南商丘东北)人。著名的思想家、哲学家、文学家,是,道家学派,的代表人物,老子哲学思想的继承者和发展者,先秦庄子学派的创始人。后世将他与老子并称为,“老庄”,,他们的哲学为“老庄哲学”。,他的主要思想是,“天道无为”,,认为一切事物都在变化。,主张“无为”,,幻想一种“天地与我并生,万物与我为一”的主观精神境界,,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,庄子,是庄周及其后学的著作集,为道家经典之一。,庄子,一书,据,汉书,艺文志,记载有,52,篇,现在仅存,33,篇,分为内篇、外篇、杂篇。,庄子,散文在先秦诸子中独具风格,文章已完全突破了语录形式而发展成为专题论文。,庄子,的散文辛辣、幽默、形象、生动,富有趣味性以及艺术魅力。,作品简介,庄子是庄周及其后学的著作集,为道家经典之一。庄,第一则选自,庄子集释,,自晋人郭象以来,众家莫不把它的篇旨看作是论“逍遥”,并且以“逍遥游”作为庄子人生追求的理想境界,这一点几乎没有异议,但在关于何为“逍遥”,怎样才能“逍遥”的问题上,出现了种种分歧,从而影响到对该篇思想意义及有关问题的正确理解。,第二则,庄子与惠子由于基本观点的差异,在讨论问题时,便经常互相“抬杠”,对惠子的批评,庄子都是站在自己的哲学观点上,而他最大的用意,则在于借惠子来抒发己意。他们两人在现实生活中固然有距离,在学术观念上也很对立,但在情谊上,惠子却是庄子生平唯一的契友。,第一则选自庄子集释,自晋人郭象以来,众家莫不把它的篇,文体知识,寓言,寓言是用假托的故事或自然物的拟人手法来说明某个道理或教训的文学作品,常带有讽刺或劝诫的性质。篇幅大多简短,主人公可以是人,也可以是拟人化的生物或非生物。主题多是,借此喻彼,,,借远喻近,,,借古喻今,,,借小喻大,,使深奥的道理从简单的故事中体现出来,具有鲜明的,哲理性,和,讽刺性,。寓言早在我国春秋战国时代就已经盛行。诸子百家著作中就有不少寓言故事流传下来。外国寓言作品,著名的有古希腊的伊索寓言,法国的拉封丹寓言和俄国的克雷洛夫寓言。,文体简介,文体知识寓言 文体简介,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,字词学习,鲲()徙()抟(),南冥()濠梁(),鲦鱼(),kn,x,tun,mn,ho,tio,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,北冥有鱼,北冥有鱼,1.文意疏通,北,冥,有鱼,,其,名,为,鲲。鲲之大,不知其几千里也;化,而为,鸟,其名为鹏。鹏之背,不知其几千里也;,怒,而飞,其翼,若垂,天之云。,北海有一条鱼,它的名字叫鲲。鲲体积巨大,不知道有几千里;鲲变化为鸟,它的名字叫鹏。鹏的脊背,不知道长几千里;当它奋起而飞的时候,那展开的双翅就像悬挂在天空的云。,海,它的,表顺接,叫做,成为,振奋,好像,悬挂,1.文意疏通北冥有鱼,其名为鲲。鲲之大,不知其几千里也;化而,文意疏通,是,鸟也,,海运则将,徙于南冥。南冥者,,天池,也。,齐谐,者,,志,怪者也。,谐,之言曰:“鹏之徙于南冥也,水击三千里,,抟扶摇,而上者九万里,,去以,六月,息,者也。”,这只鹏鸟啊,海水运动时将要飞到南海去。这南海是个天然形成的水池。,齐谐,是一部专门记载怪异事物的书,这本书上记载说:“鹏鸟迁徙到南方的大海之时,翅膀击水而行,激起的波涛浪花有三千里,它乘着旋风盘旋飞至九万里的高空。它离开北海是凭借着六月的大风。”,这,海水运动,打算,就,天然大池,记载,盘旋飞翔,旋风,离开,凭借,风,文意疏通是鸟也,海运则将徙于南冥。南冥者,天池也。齐谐者,疏通文意,野马,也,尘埃也,生物之以,息,相吹也。天之,苍苍,,其,正色,邪?,其,远,而,无所至,极,邪?,其视下,也,亦若是,则已矣,。,山野中的雾气,空气中的尘埃,都是生物用气息吹拂的结果。天色湛蓝,这是它真正的颜色吗?还是因为天空高远而看不到尽头呢?大鹏在天空往下看,也不过像人在地面上看天一样罢了。,山野的雾气,气息,本色,表选择,因此,深蓝色,尽头,代大鹏,任何事物的存在都是依附于一定的条件,它们的活动都是有所凭借。,往下看,罢了,疏通文意野马也,尘埃也,生物之以息相吹也。天之苍苍,其正色邪,北冥有鱼,其名为鲲。鲲之大,不知其几千里也;化而为鸟,其名为鹏。鹏之背,不知其几千里也;怒而飞,其翼若垂天之云。,夸张,动作描写,介绍鲲鹏形体,1,、文章标题为“北冥有鱼”,后来怎么又写鸟了?,鸟是由鱼变化而来的。鲲的体积有几千里,变成鸟后,鸟的背部不知有几千里。说明庄子想象力丰富。,2.本文开头描述鲲鹏的形象及奋飞时的壮美气势与论述“逍遥游”有什么联系?,鲲鹏展翅高飞,必须凭借六月的大风。说明世间万物都要凭借外力才能活动,从而说明了“逍遥”要有所依凭。,北冥有鱼,其名为鲲。鲲之大,不知其几千里也;化而为鸟,是鸟也,海运则将徙于南冥。南冥者,天池也。,齐谐,者,志怪者也。,谐,之言曰:“鹏之徙于南冥也,水击三千里,抟扶摇而上者九万里,去以六月息者也。”野马也,尘埃也,生物之以息相吹也。,仰视鲲鹏飞南冥,引用:表明这种情形真实可信。,2,.“野马”“尘埃”的运动靠的是什么?写它们有什么作用?,“野马”“尘埃”的运动必须依靠气息。说明万物均“有所恃”,世上的万物无论大小,都受到不同的限制,处在不同的束缚之中。大鹏、野马、尘埃看似逍遥,其实并未达到真正的逍遥。,1,.赏析“鹏之徙于南冥也,水击三千里,抟扶摇而上者九万里”。,运用丰富的想象、奇特的夸张,描写了鹏振翅拍水,盘旋飞向九万里高空的形象,这一形象能激发人的豪情壮志,具有强烈的艺术感染力。“击”“抟”生动传神,令人产生丰富的联想和想象。,是鸟也,海运则将徙于南冥。南冥者,天池也。齐谐者,志怪者,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,天之苍苍,其正色邪?其远而无所至极邪?其视下也,亦若是则已矣。,想象高空俯视情景,1,.“天之苍苍亦若是则已矣。”这句话表达了什么意思?,意思是鹏鸟飞在天空看地面,和人们仰视天空看到的是一样的,都不能看到“正色”,人和大鹏对“正色”的认识,都“有所恃”,都受到距离的限制,不能达到真正的逍遥之境。,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,研读课文,回答下面的问题。,(1),庄子是怎样描写这只鹏鸟的呢,?,请从文中勾画出描写“鹏”特点的语句并概括大鹏的特点。,“北冥有鱼,其名为鲲”,指出了鲲鹏所居之地为“北冥”,即北海,旷远而神秘的地方让鹏鸟也带上了神秘的色彩。,“鲲之大,不知其几千里也,将徙于南冥”,从体大、背大、翼大以及活动范围大四个方面极言鲲鹏形体硕大无比、变化神奇莫测、奋飞气势壮美,展示了鲲鹏磅礴壮观的形象特点。,“鹏之徙于南冥也,去以六月息者也”,句描写了鲲鹏奋起而飞时的气势,以汪洋恣肆的行文风格,把虚构的事物写得活灵活现,体现了鲲鹏与天地融为一体的壮美形象。,研读课文,回答下面的问题。“北冥有鱼,其名为鲲”指出了鲲鹏,(2),鹏鸟为什么要迁徙到南冥,?,南冥是天然的大池,是鹏鸟心目中的理想境地,迁徙到南冥是要追求一种精神的自由。,(3),鹏鸟由北海飞到南海,需要借助什么,?,“海运则将徙于南冥”“抟扶摇而上者九万里,去以六月息者也”。,(4),山野中