,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,American Presidential,Election,Prepared by:,May,American Presidential Election,1,Start with the Constitution(,宪法,),quadrennial,The Election Day,is the Tuesday between November 2nd and 8th(the last one:Nov.4,th,2008;the next one:Nov 6th,2012,）,Candidates for President and Vice-President Run Together.(In most cases,the presidential candidate select a vice-presidential candidate himself.),The Constitution states that suffrage cannot be denied on grounds of,race,color,sex,or,age,.,Basic introduction,Start with the Constitution(宪法,2,Content,Presidential Job Description,Presidential Election System,Process of presidential election,Factors influencing turnout,Negative impact of American presidential election,What we can learn from American presidential election,Content,3,Terms:,No more than two terms or ten years,USelectoralsystem美国选举制度ppt课件,4,Rewards of president,$200,000 a year,Living in White House,Camp David as a retreat,Fleets of aircraft and cars,A generous pension,Money for an office and staff after retirement,Presidential Job Description,Presidential Job Description,5,党间领导,国内政策的领导,行政领导,对外政策的领导,军事能力,象征性的领导,党间领导国内政策的领导行政领导对外政策的领导军事能力象征性的,6,（四）总统选举程序,提名程序(,nomination process),总统候选人竞选,正式选举(,general election),primary elction,党的全国代表大会,procedure,Feb,June,July,Aug,Sep,Nov,Dec,next Jan,选举人投票(,electoral voting)12,月份第二个星期三后的第一个星期一,大选日选民投票(,voting on Election Day)11,月份第一个星期一后的第一个星期二,国会两院联席会议上计票(,electoral votes counting),、宣布大选结果,declare election results,1,月,20,日宣誓就职,nomination,（,1,）,1790-1824,年的国会党团会议提名制,（,2,）,1831-1968,年的全国代表大会提名制,（,3,）,1968,年至今的预选提名制,（四）总统选举程序提名程序(nomination proc,7,Presidential Election System,Elections for President and Vice President of the United States are,indirect,elections in which voters cast ballots for a slate of,electors of the U.S.Electoral College,who in turn directly elect the President and Vice President.,Presidential Election SystemEl,8,Most state laws establish a,winner-take-all,system,wherein the ticket that wins a,plurality,of votes wins all of that states allocated electoral votes,and thus has their slate of electors chosen to vote in the Electoral College.,Presidential Election System,Total electoral votes:538,Candidate gets more than,270 win the election,Most state laws establish a wi,9,“Winner-take-all”,Exceptions:Maine and Nebraska,Where would you focus your energy and campaign the hardest?,“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:M,10,08,年美国选举人分布,08年美国选举人分布,11,538 electors,100,Senators,435,Congressmen,3 electors,The District of Columbia,535,Representatives in Congress,538 electors1004353 electors 5,12,50,states 538,Senate 100,House of Representatives,435,Colombia DC 3,选举人和选举人团制,美国宪法第二条第一款规定：,每州应依照该议会所定方式选派选举人若干人，其数目同该州在国会应有的参议员和众议员总人数相等,，但参议员或众议员，或在合众国属下担任有责任或有薪金职务的人，不得被选派为选举人。由各州选派的选举人组成选举人团。,由选举人团投票,如得票数超过选举人总数的一半，即当选为总统，这就是选举人团制。,50 states 538Senate 100House,13,4.General,Election,全国选举,5.inaug-uration,总统就职仪式,Process of presidential election,4.General Election 全国选举5.inaug,14,Each state has its own electors,Each state starts to conduct popular elections to choose their slate of electors:,indirect election system,.,Each party has its own electoral college(,选举委员会）,大规模的,Each state has its own elector,15,The electors from Each State,make up the Electoral College“,The major political parties will officially hold its presidential nominating conventions.,In this nominating conventions,The“Electoral College”,Votes for the President.,Normally,the candidate for president receiving the majority(50%)of the electoral votes is,the elected president,.,Indirect,Direct,IndirectDirect,16,The candidates of the major parties will go to many states to win the supporters by means of,：,campaigning trips to different states,addressing TV speeches,showing on TV debates.,These media tools play an important role in running(,宣传造势）,.,This process costs lots.,The candidates of the major pa,17,总统大选电视辩论2012 第一场,总统大选电视辩论2012 第一场,18,turnout in 2008,Maccine admited his failure,Obama won the election,turnout in 2008Maccine admited,19,National Representatives Conference,After National Representatives Conference,someone is elected as partys official candidate,They began to,introduce,their own partys political claims,their own political programmes,voters,give promises,Serve the people,voters,get more support,National Representatives Confe,20,二、打造形象（,04,年为例）,1.beautify oneself,2.try to deglamorize their opponents,二、打造形象（04年为例）1.beautify ones,21,Time:the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November;,Purpose:select electors;,Time:the first Tuesday after,22,5.Inauguration:January in the next year,5.Inauguration:January in th,23,USelectoralsystem美国选举制度ppt课件,24,Factors influencing turnout,Satisfaction,Quality of campaigns:lack of real issues;negative advertising,Frequency and length of elections,Frequent public polls,Much coverage by the media,Troublesome registering process,Factors influencing turnout,25,Negative Impact of American presidential election,Very costly and money consum