,Delivery International Goods,国际贸易实务,Practice of International Trade,3.,Delivery of International Goods,3.,国际货物运输,March,马,强,xmg0123456789,2011,讲解内容构架,海洋运费计算,运输单据,装运条款,运输方式,重点与难点,装运与交货的异同比较,合同中的装运条款,海运提单,海运运费,重 点,难 点,海洋运输方式,集装箱运输方式,国际联运方式,分批装运和转运条款,海运提单,班轮运费,3.,Delivery of International Goods,3,国际货物运输,Delivery,实际交货,是指出口商将货物交给买方或置于买方控制之下,一般发生在,买方所在地。,象征性交货,则是以提交代表货物所有权的单据来表示完成交货义务,一般发生在,货物装运地,,发货人取得运输单据之时。,Shipment,通常指出口商将货物装上指定的,运输工具,,一般发生在,出口商所在地,。,2000,通则,中,D,组:,“装运”概念,“交货”概念,“装运时间”,“交货时间”,2000,通则,:,FOB,、,CIF,、,CFR,port.,FCA,、,CIP,、,CPT,place.,“,装运”概念,=,“,交货”概念,“装运时间”,=,“,交货时间”,Delivery,and,Shipment,3.1 the Main Terms on the Goods Delivery,3.1,合同中装运的主要条款,Terms of,delivery,Time of delivery,-,装运时间,Port of shipment and destination,-,装运地(港)与目的地(港),Partial shipment and transshipment,-,分批装运与转运,Shipping advice,-,装运通知,Limit of loding and unloding,-,装卸时间,Rate of loding and unloding,demurrage,dispatch money,-,装卸率和滞期、速遣费,Methods of the goods delivery,-,货物运输方式,3.1 the Main Terms on the Goods Delivery,3.1.1,装运时间,Time of,delivery,规定方式,1.,规定最迟装运期限;,Shipment on or before/not later than Oct.5,2001.,2.,规定一段时期内装运;,Shipment during Nov./Dec.2001.,3.,规定收到信用证后一定时间内装运;,Shipment to be effected,within 30 days,after receipt of L/C.,(,慎用用“某一天、迅速、立即、尽可能快”等词语,),1,2,提示,考虑货源与船源、装运期的长短应适度、规定应明确具体、装卸地的气候条件、与,L/C,有效期保持合理间隔。,术,语,Immediate shipment,Prompt shipment,Shipment as soon as possible,the Main Terms on the Goods Delivery,A,公司于,5,月,23,日接到信用证。信用证规定受益人,A,公司,(,卖 方,),,申请人,E,公司,(,买方,),,对装运期和议付有效期条款规定:“,Shipment must be effected not prior to 31st May,,,2007,The Draft must be negotiated not later than 30th June,,,2007”,。,A,公司发现装运期太紧,,23,日接收,,31,日装运到期。所以于,5,月,26,日,(24,日和,25,日系双休日,),按装运期,5,月,31,日通知储运部安排装运。储运部根据规定的,5,月,31,日装运期即向货运代理公司配船。因装运期太紧,经多方努力才设法商洽将已配上的货退载,换上,A,公司的货。终于,5,月,30,日装运完毕,并取得,5,月,30,日签发的提单。,6,月,2,日备齐所有单据向开证行交单。,6,月,16,日开证行来电提出:“提单记载,5,月,30,日装运货物,不符合信用证规定的装运期限。不同意接受单据,”,分析:,1,、银行为什么对单据有异议?,2,、有何启示?,Case,Study,the Main Terms on the Goods Delivery,Case,Study,信 用证规定的是“装运必须不得早于,1997,年,5,月,31,日,(not prior to 31st May),,,议付有效期规定为最迟不得晚于,6,月,30,日,”,,即装运期与议付有效期都是在,6,月,1,日至,6,月,30,日之间,而卖方却于,31,日以前装运,所以不符合信用证要求。,一般信 用证对装运期习惯规定为:最迟装运期某月某日,或不得晚于 某月某日装,(not later than),。,有关审证人员没有认真地审查信用证条款,误解信用证装运期的规定。,案例释解:,3.1 the Main Terms on the Goods Delivery,3.1.2,装运地(港)与目的地(港),Port of,shipment,and,destination,港地选择,装运地(港):便利货物出口,接近货源。,目的地(港):便利货物使用或转售,接近用户所在地。,1,2,例证,1,:,Shipment during July 2001 from Shanghai to London.,2,:,Port of Loading:Shanghai/Nanjing.,Port of Destination:London/Hamburg.,3,提示,*有的目的港应明确表明所在国家和方位(重名);,*关于选择港:预先规定两个或以上港口,根据收货人的指示选择卸货港;,*不接受内陆城市为装运港或目的港。,Victoria,3.1 the Main Terms on the Goods Delivery,3.1.3,分批装运,Partial,shipment,跟单信用证统一惯例(,500,),*未禁止即允许;(,合同中一般有规定条款,),*运输单据表面上注明同一运输工具、同一航次、同一目的地的多次装运,即使单据表面注明不同的装运时间、不同的装运港,不作为分批装运论;(,除非,L/C,附规定,),*分批装运中,其中任何一批未按规定装运,则该批及以后各批均不得付款。,2,3,规定方法,1,:,Shipment from Shanghai to London July 2001 with Partial Shipment allowed.,-,笼统规定,2,:,Shipment during June/July/August 2001 in three equal monthly lots.,-,限时、限量、限批次规定,概念,合同项下的货物分若干批装运。,1,the Main Terms on the Goods Delivery,某国际贸易公司对国外乔治公司出口,500,吨花生。买方的信用证规定:“分,5,个月装运;,3,月份,80,吨;,4,月份,120,吨;,5,月,140,吨;,6,月份,110,吨;,7,月份,50,吨。每月不许分批装运。装运从中国港口至伦敦。”国际贸易公司接到信用证后,根据信用证规定于,3,月,15,日在青岛港装运了,80,吨;于,4,月,20,日在青岛港装运了,120,吨,均顺利收回了货款,。,公司后因货源不足于,5,月,20,日在青岛港只装了,70.5,吨。经联系得知烟台某公司有同样规格的货物,所以公司要求“,HULIN”,轮再驶往烟台港续装其不足之数。船方考虑船舱空载,同意在烟台港装了,64.1,吨。随之向银行提交了两套单据:一套是青岛于,5,月,20,日签发的提单,其货量为,70.5,吨;另一套是烟台于,5,月,28,日签发的提单,货量为,64.1,吨。,分析:,1,、银行对单据的异议有哪些?,2,、异议点导致提单是否可行?,Case,Study,the Main Terms on the Goods Delivery,Case,Study,案例释解:,银行认为单据有两处不符点:(,1,)在青岛和烟台两地分批装运货物;(,2,)短量,问题:不符点是否成立?,分析:不成立。理由:,“,UCP500”,规定的“不视为分批装运的情况”,“,UCP500”,规定的数量容差,3.1 the Main Terms on the Goods Delivery,3.1.4,转运,Tran-,-shipment,to be allowed,跟单信用证统一惯例(,500,),*对“转运”一词按不同运输方式作了不同的解释,并作了淡化和从宽的处理。,*所谓“禁止转运”,仅指禁止海运港至海运港,除集装箱以外的货物运输的转运(,件杂货、散装货,)。,1,2,规定方法,1,:,Shipment permitted/prohibited.,-,笼统规定,2,:,Shipment from Dalian to London with Hong Kong by APL Shipment Company.,-,限定中转港以及第二程承运人,3,对买卖双方均有影响,办理运输更加主动;转运增加额外费用;转运时可能造成货物损失;转运衔接不当造成运输延迟。,the Main Terms on the Goods Delivery,H,进出口公司向泰国巴伐利亚有限公司出口一批电器电料,国外开来信用证有关条款规定:“电器电料,100,箱,从中国港口至曼谷;禁止分批装运和转运;全套清洁已装船提单,注明运费已付,发货人抬头背书,K.T.,银行,通知买方。”,H,公司审证无误后,即装集装箱运输,随后备妥各种单据向银行交单,要求付款。但却遭到开证行拒付。其理由是我方提交的是“联合运输单据”,不符合信用证不许转运的要求。,分析:,1,、开证银行基于什么对单据拒付?,2,、异议点导致提单是否可行?,Case,Study,the Main Terms on the Goods Delivery,Case,Study,案例释解:,银行在下列情况下,可以接受注明货物将转运的提单(而不论其名称如何),信用证未明确规定禁止转运;,如果信用证禁止转运,但货物是由集装箱运输,而且同一提单包括全程运输;,如果信用证禁止转运,但提单上声明有承运人保留转运权的条款。,(参见,722,页,UCP500,第,23,条,b,、,c,、,d,款),所以,不符点不成立,3.1 the Main Terms on the Goods Delivery,3.1.5,装运通知,Shipping,advice,DEAR SIRS,WE HEREBY INFORM YOU THAT THE GOODS UNDER THE ABOVE MENTIONED CREDIT HAVE BEEN SHIPPED.THE DETAILS OF THE SHIPMENT ARE STATED BELOW.,Corporate name,FAX:INVOICE No.:_,TELEX:I/C No.:_,TEL:S/C No.:_,MESSRS:,.,SHIPPING MARKS,COMMODITY:_,NUMBER OF BALES:_,TOTAL G.T:_,OCEAN VESSEL:_,DATE OF DEPARTURE:_,B/L No.:_,PORT OF LOADING:_,DESTINATION:_,_,XXX,FOB/CFR/CIF,FCA/CPT/CIP,CFR,或,CPT,重要*,传真,发票号,电传,对讲机号,电话号,客户机,/,服务器